Manufacturing and Process Essay Example

Manufacturing and Process Essay Multiple Choice Questions 1. An organizations process strategy a. will have long-run impact on efficiency and production b. is the same as its transformation strategy c. must meet various constraints, including cost d. is concerned with how resources are transformed into goods and services e. all of the above are true A job shop is an example of a(n) a. repetitive process b. continuous process c. line process d. intermittent process e. specialized process Three types of process strategies are: a. goods, services, and hybrids b. manual, automated, and service c. rocess focus, repetitive focus, and product focus d. modular, continuous, and technological Which of the following industries is likely to have low equipment utilization? a. auto manufacturing b. beer making c. television manufacturing d. hospitals A product focused process is commonly used to produce a. high-volume, high-variety products b. low-volume, high-variety products c. high-volume, low-variety products d. low-variety products at either high- or low-volume Which one of the following products is most likely made in a job shop environment? a. custom furniture b. graphite pencils c. television sets d. igarettes Which of the following products is likely to be assembled on a repetitive process line? a. automobiles b. personal computers c. dishwashers d. television sets e. all of the above An assembly line is an example of a a. product focused process b. customized process c. repetitive process d. specialized process 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1 9. Which of the following transformations generally has the highest equipment utilization? a. process focused process b. repetitive process c. product focused process d. specialized process Which of the following is false regarding repetitive processes? . They use modules. b. They allow easy switching from one product to the other. c. They are the classic assembly lines. d. They have more structure and less flexibility than a job shop layout. e. They include the assembly of basically all automobiles. Mass customization, when done correctly, a. increases pressure on supply-chain performance b. helps eliminate the guesswork that comes with sales forecasting c. drives down inventories d. increases pressure on scheduling e. all of the above Which of the following characteristics best describes process focus? a. low volume, high variety b. inished goods are usually made to order c. processes are designed to perform a wide variety of activities d. all of the above are true Service blueprintin g a. provides the basis to negotiate prices with suppliers b. mimics the way people communicate c. determines the best time for each step in the process We will write a custom essay sample on Manufacturing and Process specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Manufacturing and Process specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Manufacturing and Process specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer d. focuses on the providers interaction with the customer Which of the following characteristics best describes repetitive focus? a. uses modules b. falls between product and process focus c. widely used for the assembly of automobiles d. all of the above A drawing of the movement of material, or people is a a. low diagram b. process chart c. service blueprint d. process map Strategies for improving productivity in services are a. separation, self-service, automation, and scheduling b. lean production, strategy-driven investments, automation, and process focus c. reduce inventory, reduce waste, reduce inspection, and reduce rework d. high interaction, mass customization, service factory, and Just-in-time In mass service and service factory quadrants of the service process matrix, the operations manager could focus on all of the following except a. automation b. standardization c. ight quality control 2 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. d. customization 18. Which of the following is tru e regarding opportunities to improve service processes? a. Automation can do little to improve service processes, because services are so personal. b. Layout is of little consequence, since services seldom use an assembly line. c. If a work force is strongly committed, it need not be cross-trained and flexible. d. All of the above are true. e. None of the above are true. a. b. c. d. 20. Which of the following are typical of process control systems? They have sensors. The digitized data are analyzed by computer, which generates feedback. Their sensors take measurements on a periodic basis. all of the above 19. Which of the following is true regarding vision systems? a. They are consistently accurate. b. They are modest in cost. c. They do not become bored. d. All of the above are true. a. b. c. d. The use of information technology to monitor and control a physical process is known as process control computer-aided design information numeric control numeric control Which of the following statements regarding automated guided vehicles is false? They are used to move workers from one side of the plant to the other. They are used to deliver meals in hospitals and jails. They are an alternative to monorails, conveyors, and robots in automated material handling. They are electronically guided and controlled carts used to move parts and equipment. 21. 22. a. b. c. d. 23. Automatic placement and withdrawal of parts and products into and from designated places in a warehouse describes a. AGV b. CAD/CAM c. CIM d. ASRS Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) includes manufacturing systems that have a. omputer-aided design, a flexible manufacturing system, inventory control, warehousing and shipping integrated b. transaction processing, management information systems, and decision support systems integrated c. automated guided vehicles, robots, and process control d. robots, automated guided vehicles, and transfer equipment Which one of the following technologies is used only for material handling, not actual production or assembly? a. robots b. CNC c. CAD d. AGVs 3 24. 25. 26. A system using an automated work cell controlled by electronic signals from a common centralized computer facility is called a(n) a. daptive control system b. robotics c. flexible manufacturing system (FMS) d. automatic guided vehicle (AGV) system a. b. c. d. Operators simply load new programs, as necessary, to produce different products describes automated guided vehicles flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) vision systems process control Examples of the impact of technology on services include debit cards supermarket scanners electronic hotel key/lock systems all of the above Process reengineering is the fundamental rethinking and adical redesign of business processes tries to bring about dramatic improvements in performance focuses on activities that cross functional lines all of the above 27. 28. a. b. c. d. 29. a. b. c. d. 30. Making environmentally sound products through efficient processes a. is unprofitable, as long as recyclable materials prices are soft b. is known as lean manufacturing c. can still be profitable d. is easier for repetitive processes than for product-focused processes Which of the following is true regarding the concept of flexibility? a. It is the ability to change production rates with little penalty in time, cost, or customer value. . It can be accomplished with sophisticated electronic equipment. c. It may involve modular, movable, even cheap equipment. d. All of the above are true. Flexibility can be achieved with a. moveable equipment b. inexpensive equipment c. sophisticated electronic equipment d. modular equipment e. all of the above 31. 32. 4 Chapter 7: Multiple Choice Answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. e d c d c a e c c b e d d d a a 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. d e d d a a d a d c b d d c d e 5 Manufacturing and Process Essay Example Manufacturing and Process Paper Multiple Choice Questions 1. An organizations process strategy a. will have long-run impact on efficiency and production b. is the same as its transformation strategy c. must meet various constraints, including cost d. is concerned with how resources are transformed into goods and services e. all of the above are true A job shop is an example of a(n) a. repetitive process b. continuous process c. line process d. intermittent process e. specialized process Three types of process strategies are: a. goods, services, and hybrids b. manual, automated, and service c. rocess focus, repetitive focus, and product focus d. modular, continuous, and technological Which of the following industries is likely to have low equipment utilization? a. auto manufacturing b. beer making c. television manufacturing d. hospitals A product focused process is commonly used to produce a. high-volume, high-variety products b. low-volume, high-variety products c. high-volume, low-variety products d. low-variety products at either high- or low-volume Which one of the following products is most likely made in a job shop environment? a. custom furniture b. graphite pencils c. television sets d. igarettes Which of the following products is likely to be assembled on a repetitive process line? a. automobiles b. personal computers c. dishwashers d. television sets e. all of the above An assembly line is an example of a a. product focused process b. customized process c. repetitive process d. specialized process 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1 9. Which of the following transformations generally has the highest equipment utilization? a. process focused process b. repetitive process c. product focused process d. specialized process Which of the following is false regarding repetitive processes? . They use modules. b. They allow easy switching from one product to the other. c. They are the classic assembly lines. d. They have more structure and less flexibility than a job shop layout. e. They include the assembly of basically all automobiles. Mass customization, when done correctly, a. increases pressure on supply-chain performance b. helps eliminate the guesswork that comes with sales forecasting c. drives down inventories d. increases pressure on scheduling e. all of the above Which of the following characteristics best describes process focus? a. low volume, high variety b. inished goods are usually made to order c. processes are designed to perform a wide variety of activities d. all of the above are true Service blueprintin g a. provides the basis to negotiate prices with suppliers b. mimics the way people communicate c. determines the best time for each step in the process We will write a custom essay sample on Manufacturing and Process specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Manufacturing and Process specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Manufacturing and Process specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer d. focuses on the providers interaction with the customer Which of the following characteristics best describes repetitive focus? a. uses modules b. falls between product and process focus c. widely used for the assembly of automobiles d. all of the above A drawing of the movement of material, or people is a a. low diagram b. process chart c. service blueprint d. process map Strategies for improving productivity in services are a. separation, self-service, automation, and scheduling b. lean production, strategy-driven investments, automation, and process focus c. reduce inventory, reduce waste, reduce inspection, and reduce rework d. high interaction, mass customization, service factory, and Just-in-time In mass service and service factory quadrants of the service process matrix, the operations manager could focus on all of the following except a. automation b. standardization c. ight quality control 2 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. d. customization 18. Which of the following is tru e regarding opportunities to improve service processes? a. Automation can do little to improve service processes, because services are so personal. b. Layout is of little consequence, since services seldom use an assembly line. c. If a work force is strongly committed, it need not be cross-trained and flexible. d. All of the above are true. e. None of the above are true. a. b. c. d. 20. Which of the following are typical of process control systems? They have sensors. The digitized data are analyzed by computer, which generates feedback. Their sensors take measurements on a periodic basis. all of the above 19. Which of the following is true regarding vision systems? a. They are consistently accurate. b. They are modest in cost. c. They do not become bored. d. All of the above are true. a. b. c. d. The use of information technology to monitor and control a physical process is known as process control computer-aided design information numeric control numeric control Which of the following statements regarding automated guided vehicles is false? They are used to move workers from one side of the plant to the other. They are used to deliver meals in hospitals and jails. They are an alternative to monorails, conveyors, and robots in automated material handling. They are electronically guided and controlled carts used to move parts and equipment. 21. 22. a. b. c. d. 23. Automatic placement and withdrawal of parts and products into and from designated places in a warehouse describes a. AGV b. CAD/CAM c. CIM d. ASRS Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) includes manufacturing systems that have a. omputer-aided design, a flexible manufacturing system, inventory control, warehousing and shipping integrated b. transaction processing, management information systems, and decision support systems integrated c. automated guided vehicles, robots, and process control d. robots, automated guided vehicles, and transfer equipment Which one of the following technologies is used only for material handling, not actual production or assembly? a. robots b. CNC c. CAD d. AGVs 3 24. 25. 26. A system using an automated work cell controlled by electronic signals from a common centralized computer facility is called a(n) a. daptive control system b. robotics c. flexible manufacturing system (FMS) d. automatic guided vehicle (AGV) system a. b. c. d. Operators simply load new programs, as necessary, to produce different products describes automated guided vehicles flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) vision systems process control Examples of the impact of technology on services include debit cards supermarket scanners electronic hotel key/lock systems all of the above Process reengineering is the fundamental rethinking and adical redesign of business processes tries to bring about dramatic improvements in performance focuses on activities that cross functional lines all of the above 27. 28. a. b. c. d. 29. a. b. c. d. 30. Making environmentally sound products through efficient processes a. is unprofitable, as long as recyclable materials prices are soft b. is known as lean manufacturing c. can still be profitable d. is easier for repetitive processes than for product-focused processes Which of the following is true regarding the concept of flexibility? a. It is the ability to change production rates with little penalty in time, cost, or customer value. . It can be accomplished with sophisticated electronic equipment. c. It may involve modular, movable, even cheap equipment. d. All of the above are true. Flexibility can be achieved with a. moveable equipment b. inexpensive equipment c. sophisticated electronic equipment d. modular equipment e. all of the above 31. 32. 4 Chapter 7: Multiple Choice Answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. e d c d c a e c c b e d d d a a 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. d e d d a a d a d c b d d c d e 5

10 in demand skills you NEED to get hired

10 in demand skills you NEED to get hired If you feel like your job hunt is floundering or you find yourself in a position where you need to find a new job ASAP, one of the best things you can do is focus on your skills. Even more than experience, skills are often what gets you into an interview- and, ideally, into a new gig. LinkedIn recently did a survey of hundreds of thousands of job postings on their site and identified the skills most in demand by today’s employers. If you’re looking to get more impact on your resume and job applications, these skills are a great place to start. Hard skillsHard skills, or the specific, teachable skills that you’ve acquired through school, training, or experience, are the hardest to â€Å"fake it ‘til you make it.† Typically, these skills can be boosted through specific training or education, but this also makes them an easier skill type to build because they’re so specific. All of these skills can be learned through online courses. According to LinkedIn, these are the top five hard skills sought by employers.Cloud computingAll the data lives in the cloud now, which means people with engineering skills who can wrangle, understand, and leverage the massive amounts of cloud data in an efficient way will be highly valued.Artificial intelligenceFrom digital assistants in our home to hiring platforms, artificial intelligence is the method of choice for making work more efficient and accessible. Machine learning is taking over in every industry, as employers look for ways to reduce human effort (and human error) in their processes.Analytical reasoningNow that every corporate decision seems to be data-based, that means people with the skills to take all of that raw information and turn it into meaningful, impactful decisions will be in high demand with employers.People managementSomething that will never change is the need to manage people at all levels of an organization. And although â€Å"leadership† is a soft skill (more on that in a bit), you can build very specific skills that will make you a better manager and leader.UX/UI designUser experience design, or UX design, is crucial for the way people receive information, shop, organize their lives, browse online, or use devices. As companies put more resources into finding the right app layout or the best customer experiences, having design skills will make you a strong candidate in our digital-first society.Softs skillsThese are the less concrete skills- the people skills. Soft skills are the personal attributes you need to work with others and be successful in the workplace. Although they’re not as easy to learn as, say, a specific software platform or mastery of a tool, you can still build these as well through courses and practice. According to LinkedIn, these are the top five soft skills sought by employers.CreativityCreativity, or the ability to solve problems with basic human ingenuity, is one of the things that all the AI and data in the world won’t be able to replace completely. It’s also a challenge if you’re not already a creative problem solver. However, courses about the creative process, and how to generate ideas, can help train your brain to think more creatively.PersuasionAlways be selling, right? Whether you’re selling your team on an idea or a product to a customer, you’ve got to be able to identify why they need it, how it benefits them, and why it saves time/money/effort/etc. And oh yeah, you also have to present it in an engaging way. Persuasive skills will also help you when it comes time to negotiate for a raise or a promotion, by the way. Courses in human behavior or consumer behavior can help you refine your pitches and build your persuasiveness.CollaborationEvery employer out there wants people who can play well with others. You can hire all the hot shots you want, but if everyone’s butting heads all the time or doing their own thing without regard for others, no real work is going to get done. Collaboration and teamwork are one of the fastest-growing skills identified as high-priority by hiring managers. If you’re a lone wolf type or just want to learn how to interact with people more effectively, courses in effective communication, professional collaboration, or team dynamics can help.AdaptabilityLike teamwork, adaptability is highly prized by employers, who want to be increasing efficiency and results all the time. Adaptability is also a key element of innovation, another big-ticket priority for most employers. Flexible thinking may not be your default mode, though, so if you find yourself clinging to â€Å"the old way† of doing things, seminars on strategic agility and developing adaptability in yourself and others can make you a more flexible thinker and worker.Time managementThis is one of those skills that just about everyone could stand to improve. Balancing projects, balancing work and life, and managing deadlines so that things get done well and on time are all crucial skills in every industry. Building this skill is not quite a simple as writing up a calendar or schedule, but there are courses on finding time management strategies that work for your personality that can help you manage your time and count it as a marketable skill.Whether you don’t yet have these skills or just want to shine them up so that you can feature them proudly on your resume, online courses are an effective way to do that- especially if you’re feeling a time crunch. The more time you spend developing these skills now, the sooner you’ll have the most in-demand skills and opportunities rolling in.

Research paper for case study about Tort and Negligence (course Legal

For case study about Tort and Negligence (course Legal Foundation for Accountants) - Research Paper Example A tort law can be described as a civil wrong not arising from a contract and in the case of negligence, one should owe due consideration to one’s neighbour (Capiro Industries vs. Dickman 1990). Negligence therefore, can be described as the act of doing something a reasonable man would not do and a plaintiff must prove in such a case that the defendant owes a duty of care (Donoghue V. Stevenson 1932). In this case, it is of paramount importance for the claimant to be able to prove that the negligent behaviour of the defendant which is Bull Pty Ltd would have caused the loss of the lucrative contract to supply the toys in order to win the claim that the subsequent loss after the action of the Dan could have been avoided in the event that he would have acted within reasonable limits. There are traditionally four elements of the tort of negligence which the plaintiff has to prove in order to be successful in winning the claim. There is need to prove that the defendant owed the plaintiff a duty of care, the defendant breached that duty by falling below expected standards, the defendant’s conduct caused the plaintiff to suffer physical or economic harm and the harm suffered by the plaintiff was reasonably foreseeable (Name of author and year). The four stage test has been reformed by statutory civil liability reforms in all States and Territories where recovery for loss in that situation must not be excluded by the statute. As going to be discussed in detail below, Kids P/L can establish the four elements of negligence. The House of Lords in the case of Capiro Industries vs. Dickman (1990), proposed the adoption of the following conditions where the three stages should be taken into consideration which include; foreseeability, proximity as well as reasonability. In some cases it may not always follow that a duty of care

Relationship between height and weight of mother birth weight Essay

Relationship between height and weight of mother birth weight - Essay Example The study of these two quantities among mothers just after giving birth is very important as these are the quantities that is used to calculate the body mass index used for health check (Taylor, 2010, p. 258). The data provided in the spreadsheet gives information about mothers within one hour of giving birth to infants at the oxford street hospital. The information in the data includes the weight of the baby, the age of the mother, their height, weight, gestation period, and whether they smoke or not. In order to analyze the relationship between the height and weight of the mothers, I will plot the scatter graphs, cumulative frequency curve and box plot together with statistical values such as mean, mode, range and median (Cleveland, 1994). Since the population is too large, I will use random sampling method to draw 50 samples from the population to ensure that the investigation represented the population fairly (Mann, 2010). In this case a scientific calculator will be used with function â€Å"Ran#† to generate the random numbers and then multiplied by 1148 to obtain the numbers in the range of 1 to 1148. This will be done keeping in mind that no single random number will be repe ated. The sample will then be used for the study. The hypothesis of this study is that taller mothers weigh more than shorter mothers. This is the expected outcome of this study since when mothers grow tall, they add more mass to their body hence increasing their weight (Nolan & Speed, 2000). As was mentioned above, random sampling was used to obtain 50 samples from the population. The samples is shown in the table 1 below. The data is then analyzed by scatter graph for possible relationship. Frequency curve is used to obtain the lower quartile, median upper quartile (Jan, 1962). The quartile range is then calculated. Box plot is used to analyze the spread of the data. As is evident from the scatter plot above, there is a significant

Supply Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Supply Chain - Essay Example The last part of the report analyzes how the use of e-commerce in supply chains has enhanced the value and business operations for both the companies. Dell Computers Dell was incorporated in 1994 by Michael Dell while he was a student at University of Texas, Austin. From its very first initiatives, direct selling model was adopted. In the beginning PC’s were sold over the phone and they were customized according to customers’ specifications. Dell’s strategic choices and ways of realizing those choices have played an effective role in story Dell’s success. The supply chain management of the company is the key element in its successful business model. The core element of the company’s business model is its direct sales model, referred as ‘direct mode’, with the build to order strategy. Business Model and Supply Chain The differentiated model of dell help it creates a niche in the distribution channel and eliminates the entire mid channel members to arrive at cost leadership position in the industry. The basic principle of Resource based view is that the competitive advantage for any particular organization completely depends upon the resources which are available at any company’s disposal. ... The above figure shows hot the direct model of Dell was different from the indirect distribution channel of the rest of industry. In its direct sale model, the intermediary steps that add cost and time are eliminated, and the company is directly able to link with its customers. Dell directly sells to all its customers, regardless of a home-PC to world’s largest corporations. The direct relationship with individual customer creates a great source of competitive advantage for Dell. This creates a valuable information about the end customers, and thus Dell knows who are the end users of their product, what they have purchased from the company, what are their future preferences, a fact that allows the company to stay closer to their customers by offering add-on products and services. Build in order and Integration with suppliers Thus, a computer is build after the customer places and order, then just-in-time production and lean manufacturing takes place. This means when an order i s placed, its configuration details reaches the manufacturing department and the assembly begins, and once the PC is configured it is shipped by a 3PL to the corresponding customer. The choice of JIT and build to order has several advantages for the company. Firstly, the level of inventories remains very low, leading to faster responses to demand changes and low inventory costs. For instance, if a new microprocessor comes into the market, the company can immediately place an order with its suppliers, as the company need not get rid of the excess inventory. Also, in case of Dell, customers pay in advance. That means the customer pay for the order prior to when the company pays its suppliers for the products, thus giving Dell the opportunity of operating on

Strategic Marketing at Coca Cola

Strategic Marketing at Coca Cola 1.0 Introduction Background: Coca Cola Company is one of the leading manufacturers of sort drink in the whole World. Coca Cola was launched in May 1986 by Dr. John S. Pemberton in Atlanta Georgia. The name Coca Cola was suggested by Dr. Pembertons bookkeeper, frank Robinson. He reserved the name Coca Cola in the flowing script that is well-known today. The Coca Cola is most important manufacturer, marketer, and distributor of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups, company in the World, which are used to produce nearly 500 beverage brands that make up for its wide portfolio. The market which I shall be investigating is the soft drink market in the UK, although I think its important that I consider the whole market including soft drinks and energy drinks. This is because soft drinks and Energy drinks are competing with other alcoholic mixer, (2008). This report will focus on a product part of this market and I have chosen the market leader for stimulant drinks, Coca Cola. I shall be examining marketing planning process, and its activities and justifications. Also, marketing environment is included, Internal audit, External audit, macro environment, and looking at the product with PESTLE, SWOT Analysis (Internal strengths and weaknesses). Furthermore, It Includes Porters five forces and Ansoffs Matrix, BCG Matrix and other tools and techniques. At the end, I have given three marketing options and recommended approach after these bibliography. 2.0 Strategic Marketing Planning Process: Strategic marketing is a process in which to develop a strategy to cope with competitors, identify market opportunities, develop and commercialize new products and services, allocate resources among marketing activities and design an appropriate organisational structure to ensure the performance desired is achieved. Corporate strategy is a process in which approach to future that involves examination of the current and anticipated factors associated with customers and competitors and the firm itself, aligning policies, practices, and resources to realize that vision, (2010). Planning and plans are two very different concepts. Planning refers to the process of developing a coherent plan, while the plan is the output from the process. A successful marketing campaign must incorporate strategic marketing planning. Strategic marketing planning is the process of researching a market and its environment to determine the target market. It involves determining what the target market wants and the types of messages that resonate with that audience. Marketing is one of the key elements in addition to other functions without which the company cannot get success. Therefore, marketing planning is a set of document in which details of action is given to achieve the objects set by the management for a period of one or up to five year. It could be based on selling of any kind of product. Its very important to have a very aggressive plan if you are not an introducer of new product and still you want to grab the market, (2010). 2.1 Marketing Planning Benefits: Marketing plan comes through a long process, it starts from a single department and ends up to management decision, plan must be always like easy to understand for management to approved it and realize the facts of market strategies for what they want from customer. Coca Cola always makes a attractive marketing plan which always looks different from others, for now this marketing plan which is very supportive for the organisation is just because it meets the need of customer in a very smart way like they introduced a new Cherry Coke flavour which is they want to be market the product by new style which a customer attract and also get some benefited for an organisation. If the plan is according to organisation and customer then it is easy to take decision for management. Plan should be compressed and productive for organization. Plan should be not so long time process and not to be very costly. Plan should be as per new techniques and 3D type as per new generation like Plan should be process after research Plan should be shows new market prices, long life and skill full. If the plan is according to companies favour so there is no any chance that it could be rejected. Always approach will be positive to make the plan competitive and advance. Coca Cola always looks in those matter which are highly skilled, attractive and sincere with the organisation, to gain the agreement for strategic plan for organization is a very important role for marketing department to extent their plans which are still are in favour of organisation and as before management like the approach to get always new marketing styles, the best approach for management is that to produced their best efforts to capture the market because now a days there are so many competitors in the market if they lack in the advertisement or promotion or introducing in new products then it could be easy for other competitors to overcome, (2010). Marketing Planning Process: There are ten stages of the Strategic Marketing Planning Process which are given bellow in tables. Table 1: The Marketing Planning Process Stages Description Stage 1 Mission Statement At this stage the board establish a long-term vision for the company. This entails communicating a memorable statement easily understood by employees and other key stakeholders. Stage 2 Corporate Objectives At Corporate Objectives the organisation setup the desired level of profitability, business boundaries, such as products/markets, facilities and size of labour force and other corporate objectives, such as social responsibility, corporate image, stock market image, employer image, etc. Stage 3 Marketing Audit Marketing Audit is a structured review of your current marketing activities. It is a systematic review of all the external and internal factors that have affected a companys commercial performance over a defined period. Stage 4 SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is a tool for auditing an organisation and its environment. It is the first stage of planning and helps marketers to focus on key issues. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors. Opportunities and threats are external factors. Stage 5 Assumptions At this stage assumptions are made on the basis of marketing audit and swot analysis. Marketing manager must keep in mind it should not too broad. Stage 6 Marketing Objectives and Strategies In this stage the objectives and strategies relate to the companies products/services and brands and to the markets you currently/ propose to operate in. Objectives are about deciding what you are offering (selling) and to whom. Strategies are about how you are going to achieve these things. Stage 7 Estimate Expected Results At this stage to employ judgement, analogous experience, field tests and so on. Also, to test out the feasibility of the objectives and strategies in terms of market share, costs, profits and so on. Stage 8 Identify Alternative Plans and Mixes In a strategic marketing plan, It is normally at this stage board identifies alternative plans and mixes are considered. Stage 9 Budget The budget is the process of documenting the expected costs of the proposed marketing plan. To justify all marketing expenditures from a zero base each year against the task that you wish to accomplish. In reality budgets are often incremental, that is, they are based on what was spent in the previous year. Stage 10 First Year Detailed Implementation Programme This may involve spending money on advertising, launching new products, interacting with potential new customers, opening new retail outlets etc. Its major function is to determine where the company is, where its wanted to go and how it can get there. It should be used as an aid to effective management, (McDonald 2006, p. 379-393). I have described all activities and justification in the Marketing Planning Process which are given bellow in table. Table 2: Activities and Justification in the Marketing Planning Process: Stage Activities Justification Stage 1 Mission Statement Board meetings Objectives discussion Target of the company Motivate employees and customers Lack of motivation and output It gives the direction to the company Stage 2 Corporate Objectives Financial forecast Provide long-term stability Profitability of the products Predict financial forecasting Overall company operations It gives review policies and desired level of profitability Stage 3 Marketing Audit Marketing environment objectives Perform STEEPLE Analysis Competition and Market share Competitive advantages Examine internal and external information and procedures Life cycles for major products and for market segments Policies and competitive advantages of other organisation Stage 4 SWOT Analysis Trend in the market Knowledge of the business Value added by competitors Setting objectives and strategies Data Collection Focusing internal and external key factors such as, internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats. A summary of reasons for good and bad performance Stage 5 Assumptions Government policies Economic data Major competitors Price competition It is made on planning environment Pick the right market and sell the right products It emphasises on success factors Stage 6 Marketing Objectives and Strategies Sales promotion objectives Marketing objectives Pricing objectives Advertising objectives Social responsibility Marketing objectives and Strategies are made on marketing plan Advertising, pricing and promotion service levels Highlight sales value, sales volume, percentage penetration of outlets Stage 7 Estimate Expected Results Employ judgment Analogous experience Field test Gap analysis on actual and desired results To test out the viability of market share At this level managers set the expected results Stage 8 Identify Alternative Plans and Mixes Motivate alternative strategies Promote mixes Manage the business Choose the best tactics Understand what market works and what doesnt work From alternative plans managers select best suitable plan Stage 9 Budget Advertising cost and expensive Zero base Emphasis on yearly marketing budget Spend their budget more efficiently and effectively Get smart about market every year they are in business Budget prepare by board of director and marketing managers. Stage 10 First Year Detailed Implementation Programme Customer plans Sales promotion plans Goals are divided into sub goals. Market plans (McDonald 2006, p. 379-393) Target their primary customer Focus on achieving specific objectives In sub goals include pricing plans product plans, promotional plans and market plans with objectives The External Market Audit and External Environment (Macro) Analysis: In this section of the report, I have used some data, of tools and techniques that are relevant to Coca Colas current situation relevant examples. External environment is important to marketing decision making. Initially, I have shown data on market share and growth of UKs soft drink markets. 3.1 External Audit: For scanning external audit and external (macro) environment of Coca Cola I have used Porters five forces. In this part of report to scanning soft drink position in the UKs soft drink market two tables are given. Table 1: Market share in UK soft drink market in 2010 Name of Brand % of market share Coca Cola 44 Pepsi 23 Cadbury 16 Fruit Juice 9.4 Other Drinks 8 From the above table of UK soft drink market share in 2010, it is clear that Coca Cola is the market leader among competitors. Coca Cola hold 44% of soft drink market share whereas Pepsi is in the second position by holding only 23% (2010). Table 2: market growth in UK soft drink market between 2009 to 2010: Name of Brand 2009 (% of market share) 2010 (% of market share) % of growth Coca Cola 43 44 1 Pepsi 24 23 -1 Cadbury 15 16 1 Fruit Juice 9 9.4 0.04 Other Drinks 9 8 -1 From the above table we can see Coca Cola and Cadbury have the most significant growth rate by 1% in the last year and Pepsi and other drinks lose their share by -1%. Fruit Juice has only 0.04% growth in last year. For analysing external market in this part, I have given Porters (1985) five forces model which is given below: Barriers to Entry: It involves; Importance of economy of scale, for example, a new Coca Cola drinks. Challenging with established brands, for example, Coca Cola, Diet Coke. High upfront capital costs or legal requirements, for example, intellectual property protection, factories etc. UKs soft drink market is established by some well known brands, such as, Pepsi, Cadbury, Fruit juice etc. It is very difficult to enter in this market by other competitors. Coca Cola has a long history of heavy advertising and this has made it enormous amount of brand equity and loyal customers entire over the world. Substitutes: It contains; Large numbers of substitutes, for example, coffee, beer, juices, water etc are available in the market for customers but it is countered by brand equity, huge advertising, and making their product easily available for customers. Coca Cola expand its business in the UK by offering substitutes it selves to protect Coca Cola from competition. Its products and services can be easily substituted with another type of product and service such as public transport being used instead of private transport. Buyer Power: It consists of; Large amount of buyers, for example, Wal-Mart or Tesco. Undifferentiated brands and low switching costs. As there are many soft drinks in the UK, so the bargaining power of buyer is extremely very high. Buyers ability to walk away or get an alternative, if buyer does not satisfied with our products or services he can get an alternative products or services. Supplier Power: It includes; Supplier does not depend on one or a small amount of buyers. Supplier product is necessary to buyer. In the UK, soft drinks bargaining power of supplier is low, as the market size is large so suppliers always want to keep contracts by providing low price. A large number of buyers but a small number of suppliers. Most of the times raw materials needed to create concentrate are basic commodities, for example, colour, flavour, additives, sugar etc. Basically, these are the main commodities. Existing Competitors: It computes the degree of competition between existing competitors. Rivalry will be higher if; In the UK, there are a huge amount of similar sized companies, for example, Pepsi, Robina, Red bull etc. Competitors can lead to a dynamic periods of aggressive pricing and promotion in war for customers. Products and services are supposed as a commodity by consumers and resulting in low switching cost for consumers. 3.2 External (macro) Environment Analysis: PESTEL Analysis for external (macro) environment of Coca Cola. PESTEL Analysis undertaken to understand local, global factors influencing business and potential opportunity and threats. Here PESTEL analysis given bellow in a table: Table 1: PESTEL Analysis: Political Economical National Government Regulatory bodies Trade Associates Government Stability Newly Industrialised Employment Law Critical Global Market Important Political Events Market Structure Government Policy Taxation Interest Rates Personal Saving Rates Money Supply Inflation Disposal Income Social-Cultural Technological Population Demographics Culture Attitudes to Work and Leisure Current Issues Income Distribution Social Mobility Lifestyle Changes Level of Education Products Materials / Components Processes Distribution / Spending on Research Marketing/Administration Rates of Obsolescence New Discoveries / Developments / Product Innovations Legal Environmental Competition Law Health and Safety Employment Law National and World Legislation Trading Policies Regulatory Bodies Global Warming Environmental Issues Local and National Issues Current and Future Environmental Legislative Changes Recycling Considerations Source: http://www.slideshare.net/Jackieken/the-marketing-audit-download-ppt Political Factors: Coca Cola operates globally and their performance is influenced by the political stability and instability of these countries. There is currently political stability in the UK and Coca Cola business is flourishing, (2010). Economical Factors: High inflation in any of the counties will cause the price of Coca Cola to rise and consumption of Coca Cola may fall. The UK economy is recovering from recession and employment level is rising people will consume more Coca Cola products, (2010). Social Factors: Consumers in the different counties will have different taste and perception about Coca Cola. In the UK the brand is known for quality products and marketing it will be easier, (2010). Technological Factors: The present environment is technological driven and the need for dynamic development. Coca Cola has got experienced research and development (RD) team who find out new technologies to improve productivity, (2010). Legal Factors: The Coca Cola Company gets all the rights applicable in the nature of their business and every invention and product developments are always going into the copyright process, (2010). Environmental Factors: According to the data of the Coca Cola Company, all the services are strictly approved according to the environmental laws inflicted by the government, (2010). 3.3 Changes in the External (Macro) Environment: The Coca Cola Company has faced many changes in the external environment that have changed the management of the company. During the World War II, the Coca Cola was able to continue the position of the company, at the same time. The Coca Cola was able to enter fresh markets despite of the environment. The company turned out to be more aggressive through supplying free drinks for the GIs in the World War II. During this the corporation was able to hit two birds at one stone. First, because the carbonated drinks sent by the company, it became a loyal symbol by the United States soldiers in which guided to consumer loyalty. Second, the Coca Cola was able to get benefit of the situation and determined the product in newly occupied countries by the Helper forces and due to the company created plants in different locations in the whole World paving the method for its post war expansion. Another thing is that, the external environment is the change of flavour and believes of the consumers. In the mid-1980s where the Americans favoured the sweet flavour of the competitor product, the company made its complement but it turned into a commercial failure. Coca Cola changed its management strategy and restored the old formula, and just changed its name, such as, Coca Cola Classic. After that Coca Cola got its position again and it released latest versions of Coke that address the needs of these kinds of customers, These products are included by Diet Coke and Coca Cola Zero. According to Bool, (2008) companies, for example, Coca Cola is necessary to change due to trends that have a huge impact on its business; another trend is health and fitness. Many people are spending extra money on their health; In addition, Coca Cola launched its new products which are a calorie burning soft drinks, such as, Enviga, Diet Coke, Coca-Cola Zero, and Coke. Furthermore, Coca Cola is working together with the Swiss company Nestle. Coca Cola is contracting with innovation and change. For the duration of the Asian Financial Crisis, Coca Cola was also prompted to change its courses of management in that specific region. The responses and reactions of Coca Cola with the external environment are its internal changes. Organisational Change Management: This theory presents a general process for managing the change in the side of the people at an organisational level (Kotter, 1996). According to Hiatt and Creasey, the organisational change management is contains three stages, which are, preparing for change, managing change and reinforcing change. The theory of organisational change management was efficiently used by Coca Cola. Various managers in different branches of the World have operated organisational change management in order to address the matters that the Coca Cola faced. According to the current stage, the main emphasis of the Coca-Cola is to get the needs of their consumers with outstanding product developing and product distribution. Coca Colas change management is very weak since Coca Cola forecasted that there are a number of marketing challenges in the near future that they have to face. 3.4 Internal Audit (SWOT Analysis: Strengths and Weaknesses Analysis of Coca Cola): This part of report provides information about current and previous years profit and loss account data, market share data, performance graph which have indicated internal or operational strengths and weaknesses of current marketing strategy and BCG Matrix. Table 1 Profit and Loss Account: Year ended 31, December 2010(Â £millions) 2009(Â £millions) 2008(Â £millions) Net operating revenues 21,959 ($35,119) 19,377 ($30,990) 19,974 ($31,944) Gross profit 14,022 ($22,426) 12,011 ($19,209) 12,862 ($20,570) Operating income 5,283 ($8,449) 5,146 ($8,231) 5,281 ($8,446) Income before taxes 8,906 ($14,243) 5,593 ($8,946) 4,693 ($7,506) Profit after tax 7,415 ($11,859) 4,318 ($6,906) 3,673 ($5,874) Source: http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/investors/pdfs/form_10K_2010.pdf Profit and loss account indicates operational excellence of current marketing strengths. We see a consistent growth in the profit margin. In 2009 profit after tax was 4,318 and in 2010 it became 7,415. It is increased by 3,097 million pounds in a year. Market share of UKs soft drinks: Analysing market share of UK soft drinks, it is clear that Coca Cola is the market leader by getting 44% of total market.ÂÂ  The comparative positioning of Coca Colas market share with respect to other leading players in the market has been illustrated as follows, (2010). Figure 1: Coca Cola and other competitors Market Share Performance Graph: Performance graph of Coca Cola and Pepsi over the last five years can be summarised with the help of growth in following key indicators, (2010). Figure 2: Coca Cola Last Five Years Market Growth This graph clearly shows that Coca Cola in 2006, it was slight increase in profit margin but in 2007 it was slightly decrease. From 2008 to 2010 market growth of Coca Cola was increase year by year. Internal Strengths of Current Marketing Strategy: Coca-Cola has been an intricate part of American culture for over a century. The products image is laden with sentimentality, and this is an image many people have taken deeply to heart. Coca Cola is a very recognizable firm. Its products/brands are available everywhere in the World. Its popularity is one of greater strength is virtuallyÂÂ  incomparable. Coca Cola deals with huge amounts of money every year. Similarly, whole businesses they have had their ups and downs monetarily, but Coca Cola has done very well in this section and Coca Cola will go on to do well and make better than its competitors (Pepsi). The money they are earning, it is significantly better than most beverage companies (competitors), they use into their own company so that they can get well, (2010). Everybody is knownÂÂ  very well Coca Cola in the World. Its image is displayed on hats, collectible memorabilia and t-shirts. There is no doubt,ÂÂ  no beverage firm (competitor) compares to Coca Colas social popularity status. And this extremely recognizable branding is one of Coca-Colas greatest strengths, (2010). Even though, Coca Cola controls almost 44% of the whole drinks market, the changing health-consciousness attitude of the market could have a serious effect on Coca Cola. In addition, according to Bettman (1998), Coca-Colas bottling system is one of their greatest strengths. It allows them to conduct business on a global scale while at the same time maintain a local approach. The bottling companies are locally owned and managed by independent business people who are authorized to sell products of the Coca-Cola Company. Because, Coke does not have outright ownership of its bottling network, its main source of revenue is the sale of concentrate to its bottlers, (2010). Internal Weaknesses of Current Marketing Strategy: Coca Cola has many weaknesses; they need to be finished these weaknesses, if they want to increase the next level. Now a days, constant shift to health products, some products could probably lose customers. This fresh focus on weight and health might be a problem for the item that is labelled detrimental to your health, (2010). Coca-Cola has recently reported some declines in unit case volumes in Indonesia and Thailand due to reduced consumer purchasing power. According to an article in (Fortune magazine), in Japan, unit case sales fell 3% in the second quarter scary because of Japan produces around 5% of worldwide volume, it contributes three times as much to profits. Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Japan account for about 35% of Cokes volume and none of these markets are performing to expectation (Mclean, 1998). Word of mouth unluckily is something that is very difficult to control. Although, people would have their views, Coca Cola has to try to control their negative views. If bad views are extinguish to people who have yet to try Coca Cola products, after that could create lost of customers which shows why word of mouth is a weakness, (2010). Coca Cola produces many drinks, some are very popular such as, Coke, Diet Coke and Sprite but Coca Cola has approximately made 500 different types of brands, such as, carbonates, energy drinks, sports drinks, fruit juices, water etc. Most of them unknown and rarely seen for available purchase. These drinks do not mostly taste bad, but are rather a result of low profile or nonexistent advertising, (2010). As we know, health is a significant matter in 21st century. Coke have high level of sugar and caffeine content. Boston Consulting Group Matrix (BCG Matrix): The BCG matrix method is the theory to determine list of priorities that should be given in the product portfolio of a business unit. There are two dimensions should be analyzed in the implementation of this method; market share and market growth. There are four characters in this diagram represent four categories of products in companys portfolio, which are given bellow. Stars: It represents the products that have a high market growth and high market share. Products in this class usually need a fairly high cost in the process of development. For example, Coca Colas bottled water (Dasani). Question Marks: It represents the products that have a high market growth and low market share. In this category, products have the worst cash characteristics because they have high level of the demand but low returns because of their low market share. For example, Coca Colas energy drink brand (Full Throttle). Cash Cows: Cash cows represent the products that have low market growth and high market share. In this class products should have huge level of profits and cash generation. In order to achieve that result, company should keep their level of investment low because the market growth for these products also low. Such as, namesakes soft drink (Coca-Cola). Dogs: Dogs represent the products that have low market growth as well as market share. Products in this category will absorb a lot of cash but low level of returns because low provided market share and weak market growth. For example, sweetened juice drinks (Hi-C), (2010). Coca Cola would use income from Coke to invest their primarily in Dasani and Full Throttle, whereas, looking to sell off Hi-C to some private equity fund with huge amount of cash on its hands. It is able to standard product life cycle tends to have five stages which are given bellow. Development Introduction Growth Maturity Decline As a result, Coca-Cola is presently in the maturity stage, which is evidenced mainly by the fact that they have a large, loyal group of stable consumers. In addition, cost management, product differentiation and marketing contain more important as growth slows and market share becomes the key determinant of profitability. In international markets the product life cycle is in more of a growth trend Cokes advantage in this section is primarily due to its establishment strong branding and it is now able to use this part of stable profitability to support financially the domestic Cola Wars, (2010). 4.0 Ansoffs Matrix: This Matrix was developed by Igor Ansoff; it is one of the most well known frameworks for deciding upon strategies for growth. It is a tool that helps the company to decide their product and market growth strategy. It is determined by two scopes of option which are products and markets. It consists of market penetration, product development, market development and diversification. Market Penetration: Selling more of an existing product to an existing market. It is going deeper into a market, such as, coke and diet coke. Coca Cola in UK is doing market penetration through the selling its products to the business buyers and retailers who are huge multinational organizations like Tesco, Asda, McDonalds, Subway, KFC and many more. Market Development: Selling an existing product in a new market, for example, taking out various bottle sizes to attract different buyers. It is called market development. Many flavours of Coca Cola are not being sold in every shop, retailer market and other business buyers. Coca Cola can develop a new market if they introduce those flavours in their market. Product Development: Selling a new product to an existing mark

Public Hangings :: essays research papers

Capital punishment seemed to have been regenerated from the beginning of mankind, where beheading was considered an honorable method of meeting death, whereas hanging carried with it a definite stigma. The era of public hanging was emotionally satisfying even though the surroundings was emotionally tense. In contrast to private hangings where they were fewer observers, less theatrical from the accuse and hanging was becoming more of an inhuman punishment to inflict on those found guilty of their crime. Both forms of hangings were though to be an effective way of preventing individuals from committing a crime. Capital punishment seemed morally acceptable, to the public and there were individuals who were willing to carry out the execution. From the books; "†¦Hang By the Neck†¦", Hanging in the Balance and The trail of the Dinosaur, gives descriptions of public and private hangings, the responsibilities of the hangman and the general reaction of the public, who were for and againts hangings. In the days of public hangings, gallows or scaffolds were rather crude contraptions. Early contraptions consisted of two post in the ground, with a cross-piece between them from which the victim swung. As the years passed by a second contraption was invented, a single stout post with a timber nailed at a right angle at the top, with supporting boards attached. A third contraption was made which was a platform erected nine or more feet from the ground, in the middle of which was a trap door which swung upon hinges. This latest invention was commonly used towards the end of public hangings. In private hangings the same contraption was used, but the individual were taken down a lot quicker, for their was no need to display the executed to curious observer. Public executions were grim and was a disgusting spectacle to the accuses’ family and close friends, but for most individuals it was a time to rejoice and to celebrate. When a crowd assembled to witn ess a public event, they were out in a holiday mood. Hundreds of people came from long distances to view a hanging, concessionaires had money invested in trinkets and food to be sold at what they called jamborees. Public hanging were often imitated in plays, which were seen as despicable form of entertainment towards the victim and the accuses family. The scenes attending the hangings were for large gatherings from far and near, mostly bent on idle curiosity or for a grand jollification.

Is Harry Potter evil? Essay

The answer to this most controversial book and movie series is a no. Harry Potter books were all about the fight between evil and good. It did a lot of wonders and spectacular creativity on ways of entertaining a child’s imagination by magic tricks and spells. Just like when we hire magicians and entertainers on kiddies birthday parties. Today’s technology after all is about yesterday’s magic like Merlin and science fiction semi horror stories of the Underworld. The fight for censorship deals with everything about the concept of witchcraft, violence, satanism and deception. Matrix prove to be violent also and deceptive of the real world. True to its word, the only perceived danger is fantasy. Kids are kids and they fantasize often. Observe how they conduct their games and play at home. One can see that they are all pure fantasies. Can we not give them the freedom to exercise what is appropriate to their age without banning books because of the claim of distorting fantasy from reality? Even mere comic books of super heroes and Xmen were created out of fantasy. Shall we ban them then because of scientific fantasy of Xmen mutation? (Bloom 1999). Parents of course have every right to participate in any group and in any legal way to promote the welfare and education of their kids. And yes, they can definitely take a fight to banning books in relation to this protection concept. Both schools and parents shall have a face-to-face discussion with the topic on hand. No one shall dictate the other. It shall all be based on reason and the practicality of the subject being fought upon. Taking on a kid’s story too seriously could be hazardous to society. Witches, wizards, sorcery, and spells have long been in the category of children’s literature. The use of magic potions and spells has long been engaged in the story of Alice in the Wonderland and Snow White. The only difference is that Harry Potter movies seem to be the rage at present costing us more to buying books and DVD’s for our kids. The creativity is just exemplary. The sounds and the way they do their magic are just fantastic. It is never a sin to admire creativity nor is it a sin to express appreciation. There was never a quantitative study of the effects of Harry Potter’s movies and books on children. There was never a quantitative measure of negative implications on behavior by those who admire the cultural phenomenon chronology of manipulation of evil and its consequence. Talking about voices and banning, then parents do promote the culture of criticizing exploring fantasies and curbing creativity in movie productions and children’s skills to emulate their feelings to good stories. After all, shaping of a child’s behavior is seen to stem from his family context and environment. That means more on dealing with people attitudes and witnessing to assessing what parents teach and not from entertainment and media except for the very delicate condition of being mentally impaired. Parental guidance is the primordial concern of culture development and values teaching. Kids do know they are just plain movies not to be taken seriously. References Bloom, J. (1999, October 22). Is Harry Potter evil? New York Times. p. Op-Ed.

Hitler or Peter the Great essays

Hitler or Peter the Great essays Hitler or Peter the Great? If you had to choose which one to be your ruler who would it be? Who accomplished more? Who had the better life before becoming ruler? Who was sicker minded in killing people? In the following paragraphs you will fine out all about them in their accomplishments, life, their way to power, and ways of torture. Both Hitler and Peter led very different lives before the came to power. Hitler was born in Austria in 1889. In Hitlers early childhood he was a good student. He took singing lessons and sang in the choir at a Benedictine monastery. He thought of himself as a mothers darling because he cared deeply about his mother. As he grew up he fancied about being an artist and want to be a painter. Also he was delighted in shooting rats and once thrashed a dog to impress a girl friend. Prejudice against Jews was a source of ethnic conflict was he grew up. Peter the Great was born in Moscow in 1725. As he grew up he had a ferocious education. Also his childhood was surrounded by bloodshed and violence. When he grew up he played many practical jokes that escalated to not so pleasant ones. At the age of 17 he married. As Hitler and Peter grew up the both believed in many things. Hitler believed in separating the Jews from Germany and blamed all of Germanys troubles on the Jews. He also believed that Austria and Germany should be united as a single country, which later happened in 1938. He also believed in the Aryan race a race of blonde hair and blue eyes; neither Hitler nor his men followed this race. Peters beliefs were quite different from Hitlers. Peter thought that intoxication was a reasonable vacation from reality. This is also one way he played his jokes on friends and others, by giving the alcohol rather than the tea and coffee. Another thing belief of his was that Russia should become civilized. Both these men came to power in ...

The Skin Were In essays

The Skin We're In essays Humans inhabit most land areas all over our earth, and each of us is different. From our hair color, skin color and body shape everyone is physically unique. Human skin color ranges from pale pink to very dark brown and every shade in between. But why are there different skin colors and what purpose did it serve in our evolution for a change in skin color? It was a long process going from hairy chimpanzee-like creatures to the much more thin haired homo-sapiens we are today, and its the purpose of this report to let you know just how it happened. Humans are among the only primates with a variance in skin color within our species. It doesnt take a great deal of observation to note that peoples with darker skin tend to naturally inhabit regions near the equator and the closer they live to either pole the lighter their skin tone. Humans have been evolving separately from our close-hairy relative for about seven million years. Chimpanzees naturally have light skin covered by thick, dark hair all over their bodies with the exception of their hands, feet and face that tend to be a darker skin with freckles and moles. It is expected that early humans began loosing hair as an adaptation for keeping cool. As our naked bodies slowly became more exposed to the damaging UV and UVB sunlight radiations, our skins began darkening, which was originally thought to be a defense against skin cancer. Skin on the thin haired parts of our body has cells that produce melanin called when exposed to UV radiation called melanocytes. Melanin acts like natures sunscreen; this is why it was originally linked to cancer prevention. Although this doesnt make much sense for our early relatives because cancers dont usually appear until older age and early man wasnt living past his twenties, so there must have been another reason our bodies lost their hair and began producing melanin. ...

Effects of Using Onion and Garlic as House Rat Pesticides Essay

Effects of Using Onion and Garlic as House Rat Pesticides - Essay Example The lachrymatory factor together with its color also contributes to its flavor. On the contrary, Onions do not provide only flavor but it promotes health through the nutrients that we can get from it - the phytochemical. Aside from that, it contains acrid which stimulates our tear glands and our mucous membranes causing us to produce tears or makes us cry. Other compounds that we can get from onions are sulfur and quercetin. These two compounds are considered as an anti-oxidants. Recent studies shown that these two compounds help to neutralize all free radicals in our body and protect our cell membranes from any damage. There are some studies conducted in Japan wherein they used onion as feeds for some rats. Rats shown delay in aging process. So it is therefore considered that onion is an effective anti-oxidant for our cells. The compound quercetin helps to eliminate free radicals in our body, it also helps to protect and regenerate our damaged cell membranes. Apart from onions, apples and tea are good source of quercetin. This compound is said to have anti-oxidants that is twice of what we can get from tea and even in apples but we can get little contents from white onions compare with yellow and red onions. As previously discussed, the pungent smell of onion is due to thiollyl or alliins co

Ikea smilaraties and defferences among international competitors Essay

Ikea smilaraties and defferences among international competitors - Essay Example Due to these, the company had a hard time gaining recognition by consumers in the market. However, in an attempt to develop economically and increase the customer base, the organization started considering the operational details, cost control, and constant product development. This attributes made the company unique from its opponents. In terms of making itself dissimilar to its opponents, IKEA uses the differentiation strategy effectively and efficiently. In this strategy, IKEA gazes for economic advantage through offering products that are alleged to be superior and different from the products of competitors by its consumers owing to its unique features. For instance, the superiority of the products. Secondly, the organization seeks to be different in its market along some magnitudes that are treasured among consumers. It chooses a single or several attributes that many consumers in a market perceive as significant and exclusively positions itself to accomplish those needs. To conclude, IKEA also has a unique price that is fairly lesser than other competitors are, thi s lower price comes from the large-scale procurement the company is involved in, thus making them superior to