Quiz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Quiz - Essay Example Breeders who cross-breed animals to increase the occurrence of a desirable trait often encounter a noticeable increase in lethal genes. Why? Lamarcks ideas on evolution were adopted by some Russian scientists. Their textbooks asserted that a wheat plant could be made cold-hardy by conditioning in cold storage, or that workmen who develop strong muscles would produce children who would be born stronger. In this way of thinking, which of the major premises of evolution by natural selection was violated? In the case of the peppered moths in England, when Kettlewell set up cameras to document that more white or black moths were eaten by birds on clean or sooty trees, he was observing which factor involved in evolution by natural selection? Disruptive selection is described in Chapter 19 of the text with the case of British land snails. In the grassy fields, the light-banded snails escape bird predators. In the darker forest, the dark snails survive and the light-banded snails are eaten. As long as the snails continue to cruise across the British landscape mating at the same season, why doesnt this â€Å"disruptive selection† eventually lead to two separate

John Stuart Mill Essay Example for Free

John Stuart Mill Essay James P. Sterba writes about how people can become more ethics, challenges environmentalism, feminism, and multiculturalism when pursuing their goals in school, work place, and relationships in his book â€Å"Introducing ethics: for here and now. Moreover, he also has a concern that ethics are a personal set of principles that conduct right and wrong. This can be based in religious beliefs, based on a fear of the law and its consequences or just behavior. What is ethical for one person may not be the same for someone else. Someone who is ethical may or may not be religious but have a high ethical standard (a feeling of right or wrong) but that does not mean that you have to have a religious belief to be ethical. Ethics are a personal set of principles that conduct right and wrong. This can be based in religious beliefs, based on a fear of the law and its consequences or just behavior. What is ethical for one person may not be the same for someone else. Someone who is ethical may or may not be religious but have a high ethical standard (a feeling of right or wrong) but that does not mean that you have to have a religious belief to be ethical. As Chin-Ning Chu wrote in the book â€Å"Thick Face, Black Heart†: â€Å"you can succeed the way you are† (107). So, it is pretty clear that the result of doing all things will be greater when prompted by intrinsic motivation rather than external forces. Everyone has his or her own personal ethics, for me this means being honest to my self in everything I do. I use my personal ethics to help in making choices that affect every aspect of my life. Personal ethics for me mean that I choose to be who I am and don’t let others effect the way I think or behave. Ethics are what makes us who we are and how we react to situations. In school it is important to have personal ethics, this helps us to be honest, uphold the academic integrity, and be able to follow the rules that are set for us. When at work, home or while dealing with others your personal ethics come into play. People don’t even realize that they use these every day to make choices that will affect them. Ethics is important for too many ways: its standard code of living, it is a code by which we live by, ethics help determine what is right or wrong in our individual cultures. It also is an important factor in the way people see each other’s and do stuff together. Ethics its also important because it decides what action we will take. It is the foundation for any civilized society. Also because ethics help us to remain on stable ground in an ever-changing world and that a person’s ethics can be changed. It means this challenge could only effectively be met by a non-question begging argument that favored morality over both egoism and altruism(Stebra 48). People are fully willing to do what they love, and they embrace the activities with a sense of interest and commitment. Moreover, autonomy is the opposite of being controlled. The distinction between â€Å"I choose to do this† and â€Å"I have to do this† is the essence of autonomy. But, first thing they have to think that its right or wrong to do it. John Stuart Mill, in his book Utilitarianism, claims, It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied [Mill JS: 1863]. This will show that the advantages of being a human dissatisfied are better than those of a pig satisfied. But before this can be proven, we have to understand the metaphor that compares humans to pigs. Mill compares two types of people: people who prefer to be humans according to his definition, and those that prefer to be pigs. As pigs would eat up anything that comes their way, those who choose to live the life of the pig, accept all that they are exposed to. They live unexamined lives [Mill JS: 1863] in that they do not question anything, but rather accept all that they are told. A human on the other hand, doesnt just accept everything, but questions what there are exposed to. This type of person lives an examined life, and it is that life that Mill proposes that we should strive for. But besides this fact, pigs and humans do have something in common. This is consciousness, as both humans and pigs are aware of their surroundings and can interact with their environments by basic instinct. This common factor helps in making an intelligent comparison between the two. The consciousness though, that they both have, is of a different character. A humans consciousness has character, and can be broken up into three main faculties. Firstly a human has conscience: the inner voice that tells between right and wrong. Secondly a human has free will, in that humans can override instinct in order to make free choices. In addition, if you have good ethics you will have good business. Business ethics are a moral code that people conducting any sort of business should feel honorably obligated to follow. People are definitely morally responsible to follow a code of ethics and should never cheat each other. Parts of this code of ethics should be honesty, integrity, fidelity, charity, responsibility, and self-discipline. Those ethics should apply both to a person buying something, and a person selling something. I dont believe that a person should be forced to follow the caveat emptor policy, on the basis that it is unfair and unjust both to the buyer and seller. If you are an ethical person, you should not have to warn people to beware. A person selling something is morally obligated to inform the purchaser of several things: the value of the car at cost, faithfulness to the client, and be able to answer any questions honestly, without any holdbacks. In The Grapes of Wrath, it is obvious that the car dealer was not ethical at all. For example, they used to coerce women into liking specific cars, so the husband would have to feel forced to buy the car to impress their girlfriends/wives. Another example is how the car dealer used to put lousy parts into the cars and sell them, knowing that the car would break down 5 miles down the road. He took advantage of the peoples necessity to get out of Oklahoma for his own personal gain. Also, the buyer has a certain responsibility too. They need to make sure to not completely trust the seller, because not everyone is ethical. They should examine the goods carefully, ask educated questions, and read up on the topic before going ahead and buying something. For example, in The Grapes of Wrath, the car dealer was able to take more advantage of the people because he can see the raw need on their faces, and how they didnt really ask anything to make him give them a better deal. So, people become successful easily when they have good ethics. We will do it better and enjoy it more than those told to do it for reward. In the world, many people succeed because they feel comfortable and enjoy what they have done. Life has many ups and downs, but we can survive in our life because we are who we are and we believe in our abilities to do everything; this will help us overcome our problems. Like me, I chose my own way because I enjoy learning about business and believe that I can do it the best. My personal ethics can support me while I achieve my goals in life. Works Cited Chu, Chin-Ning. Thick Face Black Heart. Beaverton, Or: AMC, 1992. Print. James P. Sterba Introduction Ethics: for here and now. Pearson; 1 edition (February 8, 2012). The Grapes of Wrath. Penguin Classics; Revised edition (March 28, 2006). I define myself as an individual who is strong and possess a will that motivates me make any sacrifice to satisfy my inner perfection that I desire. Others see me as someone who is analytical, organized, and self-conscious. And yet, those characteristics that I have can help me become mature and understand this world with different points of view. I have a dream to be successful. . Even though I only spent five hours a week, I really enjoy and am proud with this job. Her experience also taught me an invaluable lesson: â€Å"Never give up. † Therefore, I can be better if I try my best and keep going on the way I chose.

Bisleri Company Profile

Bisleri Company Profile According to a report by Ikon, a marketing consulting company, the packaged water industry is estimated at Rs.8000 crore currently and is expected to touch Rs.10000 crore by the end of the fiscal 2012-13. It may also touch the Rs.15000 crore mark by 2015, according to the report. The industry has seen a compound annual growth rate of about 19%. Parles Bisleri has the highest market share of about 36%, followed by Coca-colas Kinley which has a market share of about 25% , followed by Aquafina which has a market share of about 15%. Indias percapita consumption is about 30 litres which is less than the global average of 40 litres. In India, South India tops the consumption followed by Western India which is the home for all the major national packaged water brands. In the Natural water category, which is a niche segment where the brand Himalayan water has been a leader has now entered into the Indian market, after being overtaken by the Tata group. Company Profile of Bisleri : History : (1)Bisleri was originally an Italian company created Felice Bisleri, who first brought the idea of selling bottled water in India. Bisleri then was introduced inÂÂ  MumbaiÂÂ  in glass bottles in two varieties bubbly still in 1965. ParleÂÂ  bought over Bisleri (India) Ltd. in 1969 and started bottling water in glass bottles under the brand name Bisleri. Later Parle switched over to PVC non-returnable bottles finally advanced to PET containers. In 1995 Ramesh J. Chauhan started expanding Bisleri operations. In 2003 Bisleri announced its venture to Europe. All shares are held by Mr Ramesh J Chauhan and his family. The brand name Bisleri is so popular in India that it is used as a generic nameÂÂ  for bottled water. According to the companys website, Bisleri invests 10 milion litres of rain water every year. More than just an initiative its a clear reflection of Bisleris outlook to life, whether its products, people or profitability. As one of the worlds most trusted brands, Bisleri is leading the way in bringin about positive change in our daily lives. Some initiatives involve small communities, others involve the entire population, but they are both a part of the meaningful revolution called the Aqua green revolution. Vision: (2) According to the companys website the vision of Bisleri is : The Aqua Green Revolution began with an ambitious dream: An India in which every person has uninterrupted access to scientifically purified and fortified drinking water, irrespective of geographical barriers or economic limitations. Product: Besides Mineral water, Bisleri also produces Bisleri Soda and Bisleri Vedica Natural Spring water. The purification process of Bisleri mineral water involves a six-stage purification process. In the first stage, the ground water is ozonized to destroy the virus and bacteria. The next step involves purification by sand filter which removes coarse particles up to 30 microns in size. A carbon filter is then used to remove color and odor, followed by Reverse Osmosis to filter harmful minerals and salts. The following step involves fortification of water with minerals. Finally the water is ozonized once more to ensure zero-contamination during packaging and storing. Bisleri with added minerals is available in 250 ml, 500 ml, 1 litre and 2 litre bottles and 5 litre, 15 litre and 20 litre jars. Price: Product No.of Bottles in case MRP/Case 250 ml 24 144 500 ml 20 200 1 litre 12 180 2 litre 9 225 5 litre 1 35 15 litre 1 60 20 litre 1 80 Promotion : Bisleri is promoted through TV and print media aggressively. Every opportunity to interact with the customer is used to promote the product. For example, all the vehicles used for supply are painted in green, bearing the BISLERI logo and slogans like Drink and Drive. In 2008, competing with the other brands in the mountain water category, the brand adopted a tv commercial that reflected spirituality, carrying the tagline The sweet taste of purity. The company has also started a new campaign called Stay Protected which is an extension of their own earlier Play Safe and the television commercial concentrated a bit more on the protection aspect. Distribution: Bisleri currently has 25 bottling units and about 5000 vehicles for distribution. Throughout the country, Bisleri has about 3,50,000 retail outlets. Manufacturing operations are done in 18 places in India. For the 20 litre jar, the company has introduced a home delivery system which is done by a specialized distribution system. Bisleri distributes in 3 phases : Direct distribution through roadways Through Local distributors to retail outlets. Home delivery with the help of small depots inside cities. Company Profile of Aquafina : History: Aquafina is a bottled water brand owned by PepsiCo. Aquafina was first launched in Wichita, Kansas, USA in 1994. It started distributing nationally throughout America by 1997. It started operating in India from 1999 starting from the city of Bombay and nationally throughout India in 2000. As of the year 2007, it became Americas biggest selling bottled water brand by sales volume. Product : Aquafina adopts a process called Hydro-7 process which is a seven stage purification process. The water is originated from the public sources and it undergoes reverse osmosis followed by underground and ozone sterilization. It removes impurities like chlorides, salts and other substances that affect the waters taste. Aquafina also claims that its bottles are 100% recyclable. Aquafina also meets the stringent national and international standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). In addition to bottled drinking water, Aquafina also has a range of different products like Aquafinaflavorsplash which is flavored drinking water, Aquafina Sparkling which is carbonated water. However the production of Aquafina Sparkling was discontinued in 2010 in the US. Health conscious products like Aquafina Alive and Aquafinaplus+ are also produced by Aquafina which are low calorie and vitamin enhanced products. Price : Product Price(INR) 300 ml 5 500 ml 8 1 litre 12 2 litres 25 25 litres 260 Promotion : Aquafina has started advertising in a new way by launching What a body campaign. It helped the brand reach out to different market segments. Through Aquafina, Pepsico has started water conservation initiatives and creating awareness about Pepsicos efforts to conserve water. Aquafina promoted the brand through tv commercials, by using catchy slogans like Purest part of you. It also entered into tie-ups with the Railways and other public places like Departmental stores, Multiplexes etc. thereby promoting the brand aggressively. Distribution : Throughout India, Aquafina has about 19 bottling plants. Aquafina bottled water is available in all the parts of the country with about more than half a million outlets selling the brand. Company profile of Kinley History : Cocac-cola introduced Kinley into the bottled water market in August 2000.Bisleri, which was already a leader in the market of purified mineral water, had a market share of greater than 60% and the term Bisleri was being used as a generic term for mineral water. Kinley established around 20 water plants throughout the country and was in the process of setting up 15 more water plants within the next one year. The situation at the time when Kinley forayed into the bottled water market can be examined with the help of 5C approach. Company : Coca-Cola already enjoyed a strong brand image in the market with the likes of soft drinks like Coca-Cola, Limca, Thums up etc. It also had strong supply and distribution channels. Competition : Coca-Colas major competitor at the time of its entry into the bottled water market was Parle. With a growth rate of about 40% for 10 years, Parles Bisleri earned the faith and the loyalty of the customers in provide safe and pure drinking water. Category : At the time of starting its operations, three categories were much popular in the bottled water market. Pouches were popular in rural areas because of their easy availability and also the price concerns. The bottles of 500 ml to 1 litre were being sold in all kinds of retail outlets. There was also a huge demand for bulk quantities ( of about 20 litres ) in the households as well as the corporate. Context : Because of the scarcity of water in most parts of the country and also the increasing health consciousness among the people of India, the number of people moving towards mineral water is increasing. Collaboration : Since Coca-Cola has a well managed distribution system, it collaborated with restaurants, supermarkets etc. and distributing its products across a variety of retail outlets. Under these circumstances, Coca-Cola launched Kinley, first across a variety of Southern metros and later it spread to all other places nationally. Positioning : The brand Coca-Cola already enjoyed a trustworthy position in the Indian market and it also had an efficient distribution system. Under the initiative of Boondh Boondh mein Vishwas it portrayed itself as a brand of trust and purity. The company stood on the belief that The right to pure, safe drinking water is fundamental. Product : In 2000, 500 ml pack was launched. This was followed by 1 litre, 1.5 litre, 2 litres, 5 litres, 20 litres and 25 litres by 2002. Targeting parties and special occasions, Kinley introduced 200 ml cups. Also, the 200 ml pouches were available to cater the needs of the rural areas where price is an important concern. Reverse osmosis and latest technology is used in the purification of water. The company also started easy to hold bottles in 2008. Price : Product Price 200 ml (pouch) Re.1 200 ml (water cup) Rs.3 500 ml Rs.5 (in Delhi) Rs.8 (Rest of India) 1 litre Rs.10 Place : Kinley was first available in the Southern Metros and then the company started distributing them nationally. The 200 ml water cups were made available in Chennai and Gujarat before introducing them across the country. The 200 ml pouches were first tested in selected areas of Gujarat before marketing them across India. Promotion : Kinley launched the campaign Boondh Boodh mein vishwas. In the words of Coca-Cola, Kinley brand personifies trust which is a key attribute in the packaged drinking water segment. Our product attribute matched with the brand positioning is a key reason that the brand has done so well in market despite aggressive and low price competitors. Kinley started a new campaign Vishwas Karo in 2009. Kinley beat Bisleri in 2002 in retail segment ( 500 ml to 2 litres) where Bisleri continued to be the leader for about two decades. It held a market share of about 35.1% while Bisleri held the second position with a market share of about 34.4%. Currently, while Bisleri enjoys to be the number one brand in both retail and bulk markets, Kinley holds the second position. Company Profile of Himalayan bottled water History : In 2008, Tata took over Himalayan bottled water, a product of Mount Everest Mineral Water to cater to the needs of urban and health conscious market. The company maintains that the water is unprocessed and untouched and is straight away packed from the natural resource. In the words of the CEO, Pradeep Poddar of Mount Everest Mineral water, The launch would be our first transformative step in actualizing our vision of creating next generation beverages with water on the platform of wellness, starting with natural mineral water. In future, we would be straddling the entire consumer pyramid with breakthrough, functional and nutritionally enhanced offerings, making this an exhilarating journey in our quest to make water truly the elixir of life. Strategic Planning: The TATA group forayed into the mineral water industry by acquiring a stake of about 32 percent in Mount Everest Mineral Water which is actually a good move as they got hold of a brand thats already existing in the market and by getting hold of such a large stake, it gets control of majority of the decision making processes of the company. Himalayan is internationally accredited by the US FDA, the European Union, the health ministries of Japan and France. It is a ISO 9001:2000 company that is the only Indian brand of mineral water that is internationally accepted. Segmentation : Based on the type of bottled water, this category is segmented into 1.Natural Mineral Water directly packaged from the source and unprocessed and 2.Ordinary Mineral Water this segment involves treatment with chemicals before packaging. TATA is the leader in the Natural mineral water category. Before acquisition bey TATA, the Himalayan water used to cater to the institutional and the international customers. Targeting : The target for Himalayan water included the following segments Institutional customers and the customers willing to pay a premium. The institutional customers include multiplexes, restaurants, airlines, corporate companies etc. The other segment includes those people who are ready to pay a cost higher than the others. The company mainly targeted those who will be ready to pay Rs.25 for a bottle of water. Positioning : With TATA taking over the brand, Himalayan mineral water got a boost in India as TATA is a trusted brand. The television commercials in the ads used the statement : Go back to the nature untouched, unprocessed pristine water from the Himalayas that took 20 years gathering natures goodness for you. With a slogan Live Natural. The USP of Himalayan mineral water is that it is unprocessed and it is packaged straight from the natural source. Product : Himalayan Natural water is available in 200 ml, 500 ml, 750 ml, 1 litre, 1.5 litres and 2 litre bottles. The bottle design was created by Rediffusion DYR , actualized by SIPA, Italy. The water is collected after it flows through clay, stones and river streams collecting different types of minerals with it for about 20 years. The company plans to introduce new variants of the product keeping in mind the different market segments. Price : The 750 ml water bottles were priced at around Rs.250 for the corporate and the multiplex segments while it was Rs.18 for the retail segment. Though the price is much higher than the other mineral water products of other companies which cost around Rs.10-15, it is highly competitive when compared with its competitors in the natural water segment Eviane by Danone and Perrier by Nestle since it is priced at a rate 1/4th cheaper than the others in the premium natural water market. Place : The plant is primary located in the Daula Kuan Region of Sirmour District of Himachal Pradesh. The company has plans to expand with the help of distributors in various parts of the country. Initially, it made use of its already existing and large distribution network of TATA tea. Himalayan water started being distributed in as many as 19500 Tata tea retail outlets as well as other retail shops through the help of the large distribution network of Tata tea. The company started distributed Himalayan water across the country in all the metro cities and also in places like Goa, Pune, Cochin which attract a fair amount of tourists. The company also entered into a joint venture with Pepsico., which is already a leading company in liquid company so as to leverage its distribution and marketing, thereby establishing Himalayan brand as a leader in Natural water. According to the companys website, Himalayan natural mineral waters clientele includes luxury hotel chains like The Taj, The Oberoi , Marriott, InterContinental; premium airlines like Jet Airways; leading multiplexes such as Adlabs; fine dining restaurants like Zodiac Grill, China Gate, Golden Dragon, Indiana Jones, and Frangipani among others. Promotion : The promotional campaign was handled by Rediffusion DYR with a television commercial that had a slogan Live Natural emphasizing the USP of Himalayan Natural water. The Brand is advertised focusing on the fact that the water has been untouched or unprocessed straight from the natural source, where the water has been flowing across river streams acquiring minerals, for about 20 years. In the words of Abanti Sankaranarayanan, executive director of Mount Everest Mineral Water, The launch marks the beginning of an exciting journey aimed at redefining the entire category of bottled water. We have a unique proposition of hydration with wellness, which will embrace all brand offerings in future. The brand communication is designed to narrate the mysticism of Himalayan to evoke an intimate tone with the consumer. The packaging is contemporary and aspirational and conveys the style quotient of the new Himalayan natural mineral water,

The Natural Essay example -- essays research papers

The Natural The Natural written by Bernard Malamud was a very well written book. I really am not a big fan of baseball but I did enjoy this novel. This book is about never giving up no matter how bad the situations gets. Roy Hobbs wanted to be the best baseball player that ever lived, who broke all the records, and when he went walking down the street he wanted people to say, â€Å"Hey that’s Roy Hobbs,the greatest player of all times.† He would have been excellent and could have played baseball for many years, but someone didn’t want that. He was shot and it injured him terribly. Hobbs finally made it back and was found by a scout and was sent to play for the worst team in the league. I like how Hobbs never gives up. He goes up against the corrupters, the seducers, and the glory destroyers. No one wanted to let Hobbs play because he was old, they thought he should be at the age to retire not to just begin. This book goes to show that you can do anything if you set your mind to it and if you want it bad enough. Hobbs proved everyone wrong. He was worst possible thing happened, he met a girl. He started getting distracted and it a effected his game. Hobbs let a woman mess with his head. When Hobbs would go up to bat, he usually hit a home run but when he met this woman, he started striking out. I guess you could say that she was bad luck. Well, he eventually made is mind get cleared and was back to his old self. Another reason why I liked this novel is because it kind of gives a l...

Impact of Automobile Essay

There are things and objects in our life that could not be given up when they become part of our life. Throughout the history, there have been many objects and things like that. At the prehistoric ages, that had been their hunting tool. At the medieval age, especially for men that was his horse or his domestic animal. At the modern age, those have been their automobiles. Since for now, automobiles are so important and impactful for us and our daily life in many aspects. These are cultural, economic, and environmental. Firstly, as a cultural impact, automobiles came with new concepts and thoughts in our life. Especially, when the first automobile was introduced, it was working with steams like locomotives. It is not much more than bicycle at a first glance. Also, it had many problems and continued to have a problem after its invention. Then, automobiles with gas were introduced. With gas cars, many things changed. From day by day, they became more popular. Furthermore, with Henry Ford’s assembly line, they were cheaper at that time when they compared with their ancestors. That affected the history of automobiles. The love affair between people and automobiles has begun like as it happened between men and their horse at the history. The new horse was our automobiles. After Henry Ford’s contribution, in 50’s, American’s hit the road. There were new concepts like â€Å"American muscle† and automobiles have been the inevitable part of â€Å"American dream†. After now, people have started to go to job, shopping, in short travelling to anywhere, with their cars. Indeed, with automobile history, we could see the impact over our culture and change in our lives is apparent. Moreover, economic effect is inevitable too. First of all, Carrying objects with the automobiles come with problem how much we can carry. The solution was big automobiles called trucks and buses. That changed the mass transit, individual transit and trucks transportation resulting with economic issues. Now, people can go to their works using their cars and mass transit. That could change the city life. Discarding the traffic problem, it was a miracle for men or women both to work in a city and to live in rural area. But now, millions of people live like that in most of all of countries. Also, new industry called transportation industry was born. Adding that, there are now huge amount of earnings from mass transit, taxes, ticket collection. By using this money, government could spend on other issues in a country. As a conclusion, automobiles have another impact over economic events. Finally, environmental impact is another big aspect of the subject. At first, no matter how automobiles are miracle for our lives, environmental pollution increase is the problematic part of them. Think about several millions of people are smoking in the area of sized city. That could be harmful for us as well as environment. Now think that, these smoking people are now automobiles. That is destructive for the nature, come up with diseases for living beings. Even in some areas, the number of cars is equal to the number of people. So, from now on non-polluting cars are popular and will be much more popular in the near future. For example, hybrid cars can be seen on streets as a price of middle class cars. These cars are the friend of nature, and some of them have zero carbon emission. There are also some alternatives such as cars with hydrogen fuel. Since combustible with carbon results with carbon dioxide, hydrogen cars give water to the nature. This is another miracle for the car history. As human beings try to find solutions to every problem, we will try to find forthcoming problems of automobiles as we have done in the past. In conclusion, cars have several impacts on our lives. They have changed our lifestyle, living habits, city lives. They have also great effect on transportation and mass transit. Finally, they changed the way we think to our nature and environment. Indeed, we could not live without automobiles. They will change their technology and appearance but the way that we use in our lives may not change. And from generation to generation, we will have new habits and things as it was happened in the past. The invention of the automobile was without doubt one of the most groundbraking advancements in human technology. Today we can not imagine a world without it anymore. A large portion of our everyday life is dominated by cars – they are important not only while we are actually driving. The noise they produce, the streets built for them or the possibilities they offer are always a part of our perception. Doubtlessly cars have an enormous economic value. Without the automobile and derivations like trucks, the productivity of a modern economy would seriously be affected. The biggest part of transportation of goods is still conducted by trucks. But the automobile does not only contribute to modern economies as a means of transportation. It also has profound effects on the availability and distribution of working places. Having a car largely increases a family’s mobility and flexibility. Because of the possibility to commute the advantages of life on the countryside can still be enjoyed while being occupied in an urban region. This is also a part of the change in lifestyle made by the spreading of the automobile. Children can now be raised in a non-urban environment even if their parents work in the city center. Cars may also contribute to a strenghtening of family ties especially if the members live in distant regions. It may be much more agreeable to cover such distances by car than by other means of transportation. Last but not least cars can be considered an addition to personal freedom. They facilitate travelling, make it possible to eperience larger parts of a country and thus increase a person’s horizon. On the other hand, cars are linked to a variety of problems. The most important of which are environmental ones. Cars are one of the biggest contributor to all kinds of pollution. A large proportion of the total amount of carbon dioxide produced by humans originates from the use of cars. Thus they contribute to the depletion of the ozon layer as well as to global warming. They also add to the pollution of densly inhabitated regions by producing noise and as the main factor in the widespread phenomena called ‘smog’. The increased mobility also contributed to a development which is widely known as urban sprawl, which is the extensive development of suburbs and vice versa the declension of city centers. Furthermore taking into account the yearly number of deaths in traffic it is obvious that cars also produce a lot of problems which have to be tackled in order to fully enjoy this invention. Through continuous improvement and the ingenious application of new technology, the automobile reconfirmed and updated its status as a triumph of engineering throughout the 20th century. I was fortunate to witness and participate in one of the most significant stages of this ongoing transformation. When I joined the industry in 1949, automobiles were still literally just mechanical objects. By the time I retired 40 years later they had become complex electronic devices on wheels. The first semiconductor computer chip went onboard in the mid-1970s. Before long, microprocessors were improving just about every aspect of the vehicle—emissions, fuel economy, safety, security, engine and transmission performance, ride and handling, even seat positioning. Electronics also transformed cars and trucks into mobile entertainment and communication centers. During my years in the industry, there were other profound changes that challenged the engineering community. Government regulations in the 1960s mandated cleaner, safer, more fuel-efficient vehicles in a rapid time frame. In the 1970s increasing global competition brought a surge of high-quality, low-cost competitive products from overseas into the United States. American manufacturers were painfully reminded of the fundamental importance of quality and took on the challenge of making our vehicles world class once again. We had to relearn some of the lessons of manufacturing excellence, such as the critical need for standardized, precision-made parts, that we had taught the world at the beginning of the century. Shortly after I became president of Ford Motor Company I saw a television program—If Japan Can, Why Can’t We? —that described Toyota’s success in improving quality and gave W. Edwards Deming major credit for Toyota’s success. I met with Ed Deming and liked his ideas for improving quality and his emphasis on the importance of people. Peter Drucker also was involved in the Japanese resurgence and emphasized people. For me personally these two men were a major help in forming the ways we worked together to improve product quality. We began engaging people at all levels and in all functions in what became known as the employee involvement movement in the 1980s. Encouraging everyone to participate and channeling individual and team efforts toward well-defined common goals produced remarkable results. As measured by owner-reported â€Å"things gone wrong,† vehicle quality improved more than 60 percent from 1980 to 1987 models. Breakthrough products such as the radically aerodynamic 1986 Ford Taurus helped convince consumers that American manufacturers could not only decrease defects but also increase design and engineering attributes that maximized product appeal. Today the automobile remains the most voracious consumer of new technology of any product in the marketplace. And promising new technological developments, such as the use of fuel cells as a power source, will undoubtedly keep the automobile on the leading edge of technology in the 21st century. But whatever shape the technology takes and wherever it leads us, we would do well to remember the lesson we learned in the 1980s to honor and encourage the people behind new ideas. The History of the Automobile Starting in the late 1700’s, European engineers began tinkering with motor powered vehicles. Steam, combustion, and electrical motors had all been attempted by the mid 1800’s. By the 1900’s, it was uncertain which type of engine would power the automobile. At first, the electric car was the most popular, but at the time a battery did not exist that would allow a car to move with much speed or over a long distance. Even though some of the earlier speed records were set by electric cars, they did not stay in production past the first decade of the 20th century. The steam-driven automobile lasted into 1920’s. However, the price on steam powered engines, either to build or maintain was incomparable to the gas powered engines. Not only was the price a problem, but the risk of a boiler explosion also kept the steam engine from becoming popular. The combustion engine continually beat out the competition, and the early American automobile pioneers like Ransom E. Olds and Henry Ford built reliable combustion engines, rejecting the ideas of steam or electrical power from the start. Automotive production on a commercial scale started in France in 1890. Commercial production in the United States began at the beginning of the 1900’s and was equal to that of Europe’s. In those days, the European industry consisted of small independent firms that would turn out a few cars by means of precise engineering and handicraft methods. The American automobile plants were assembly line operations, which meant using parts made by independent suppliers and putting them together at the plant. In the early 1900’s, the United States had about 2,000 firms producing one or more cars. By 1920 the number of firms had decreased to about 100 and by 1929 to 44. In 1976 the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association had only 11 members. The same situation occurred in Europe and Japan. The first automobile produced for the masses in the US was the three-horsepower, curved-dash Oldsmobile; 425 of them were sold in 1901 and 5,000 in 1904–this model is still prized by collectors. The firm prospered, and it was noted by others, and, from 1904 to 1908, 241 automobile-manufacturing firms went into business in the United States. One of these was the Ford Motor Company which was organized in June 1903, and sold its first car on the following July 23. The company produced 1,700 cars during its first full year of business. Henry Ford produced the Model T to be an economical car for the average American. By 1920 Ford sold over a million cars. At the beginning of the century the automobile entered the transportation market as a toy for the rich. However, it became increasingly popular among the general population because it gave travelers the freedom to travel when they wanted to and where they wanted. As a result, in North America and Europe the automobile became cheaper and more accessible to the middle class. This was facilitated by Henry Ford who did two important things. First he priced his car to be as affordable as possible and second, he paid his workers enough to be able to purchase the cars they were manufacturing. This helped push wages and auto sales upward. The convenience of the automobile freed people from the need to live near rail lines or stations; they could choose locations almost anywhere in an urban area, as long as roads were available to connect them to other places. Many states in the US established motor fuel taxes that were used only to build and maintain highways helping the auto highway system become self-supporting. Popularity of the automobile has consistently moved with the state of the economy, growing during the boom period after World War I and dropping abruptly during the Great Depression, when unemployment was high. World War II saw a large increase in mass transit because employment was high and automobiles were scarce. The rapid growth of car owners after World War II, particularly in the United States and Western Europe demonstrated the population’s favor towards automobiles. During the war, automobile motors, fuel, and tires were in short supply. There was an unsatisfied demand when the war ended and plenty of production capacity as factories turned off the war machine. Many people had saved money because there was little to buy, beyond necessities, in the war years. Workers relied heavily on mass transportation during the war and longed for the freedom and flexibility of the automobile. A historian has said that Henry Ford freed common people from the limitations of their geography. The automobile created mobility on a scale never known before, and the total effect on living habits and social customs is endless. In the days of horse-drawn transportation, the practical limit of wagon travel was 10 to 15 miles, so that meant any community or individual farm more than 15 miles from a city, a railroad, or a navigable waterway was isolated from the mainstream of economic and social life. Motor vehicles and paved roads have narrowed the gap between rural and urban life. Farmers can ship easily and economically by truck and can drive to town when it is convenient. In addition, such institutions as regional schools and hospitals are now accessible by bus and car. Yet, the effect on city life has been, if anything, more prominent than the effect on the farms. The automobile has radically changed city life by accelerating the outward expansion of population into the suburbs. The suburban trend is emphasized by the fact that highway transportation encourages business and industry to move outward to sites where land is cheaper, where access by car and truck is easier than in crowded cities, and where space is available for their one or two story structures. Better roads were constructed, which further increased travel throughout the nation. As with other automobile-related phenomena, the trend is most noticeable in the United States but is rapidly appearing elsewhere in the world. Before the automobile, people both lived in the city and worked in the city, or lived in the country and worked on a farm. Because of the automobile, the growth of suburbs has allowed people to live on the outskirts of the city and be able to work in the city by commuting. New jobs due to the impact of the automobile such as fast food, city/highway construction, state patrol/police, convenience stores, gas stations, auto repair shops, auto shops, etc. allow more employment for the world’s growing population.

Psoriasis Treatment essays

Psoriasis Treatment essays Psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder of the skin, which means that the body's defense system has turned on itself. This causes "angry red lesions to appear on the surface of the skin, multiply, and scale over with silvery patches" (1). Not only do they look hideous, but cause terrible itching and discomfort. "The word (psoriasis) comes from ancient Greece, and means 'to itch'" (1). This disease can be present from birth or not show up until a person is well into their adult years. They can also be found anywhere on the body, from the scalp to the elbows. Psoriasis affects about two percent of the population. The severity can range from a few spots to massive outbreaks covering the whole body, requiring hospitalization. Although the disease is genetically inherited, "it has triggers which can cause the body to go from a very mild case to a severe case within days" (1). Strep throat and spicy foods are examples of triggers that increase the severity. "There are also other fact ors, such as sunlight, which help decrease the severity" (1). There are many types of psoriasis including, nail, scalp, plaque, pustular, guttate, inverse, erythrodermic, and psoriatic arthritis. Plaque psoriasis is the most common type. Along with these irritating physical side effects are the emotional factors. This disease can cause its' victims to feel alienated from fellow coworkers and friends. People who have no experience with the disease tend to be distant towards those who do, because they think it is contagious. To compensate, sufferers often wear pants and long sleeves to cover their skin, even in summer heat, or avoid a social life altogether. There is no known cure for psoriasis, only the hope to control its' severity. Each case of psoriasis is different, and may require a certain form of treatment or a combination of treatments to obtain relief. Most of those available now work to lessen the redness and itching, but tend to be price...

Anik Telecom Essay Example

Anik Telecom Essay Example Anik Telecom Essay Anik Telecom Essay USB Cable Analysis of the msrket strategies Anik Telecom established in Year 1996 and mainly focus on mobile phone chargers and mobile phone batteries, Inverter, IPS, UPS, AA, AAA Alakaline and Li-Ion Battery, Energy Saving Lamp, Electric Fan, Solar Home System and other Telecommunication Material and Equipment which used for various application, such as Mobile Phone, Household Applications. To establish a successful company Anik Telecom had to set a strong and clear stategy and those marketing strategy can be divided into three sector.They are : 1. Segmentation 2. Targrting 3. Positioning And on this categories Anik Telecom marketing strategy has been explain bellow : Segmentation A marketing term referring to the aggregating of prospective buyers into groups (segments) that have common needs and will respond similarly to a marketing action. Market segmentation enables companies to target different categories of consumers who perceive the full value of certain products and services differently from one another. An ideal market segment meets all of the following criteria: * It is possible to measure. It must be large enough to earn profit. * It must be stable enough that it does not vanish after some time. * It is possible to reach potential customers via the organizations promotion and distribution channel. * It is internally homogeneous (potential customers in the same segment prefer the same product qualities). * It is externally heterogeneous, that is, potential customers from different segments have different quality preferences. * It responds consistently to a given market stimulus. * It can be reached by market intervention in a cost-effective manner. It is useful in deciding on the marketing mix. Bases for Segmenting Consumer Markets are : * Geographic * Demographic ( Age, Gender, Family life cycle ) * Psychographic ( Personality, Motives, Lifestyles, Geo demographics ) * Behavioral ( Occasion, Benefit, User status, Usage rate, Loyalty status ) Geograph ic Segmentation In 1996 the Geographic segmentation of Anik Telecom was different from today. On that time they worked with YAGI Antenna and this type of antennas were using in rural areas of Bangladesh because the signal system of cell phone was not that much good like today.So people had to use YAGI antenna for cell phones. But now the Geographic segmentation of this company has been changed and now their Geographic segmentation is almost same for whole country because signal system has been developed and now people are not using YAGI. Now Anik Telecom basically working with Battery and Travel Charger and the need of these products are same in whole country. Demographic ( Age, Gender, Family life cycle ) Demographic segmentation of Anik Telecom is very general because almost all 18+ people of our country is using cell phone and male and female both are using.So we can say that Anik Telecom sell their product to cell phone users. Psychographic ( Personality, Motives, Lifestyles, Ge o demographics ) In Psychographic segmentation Anik Telecom worked with Lifestyles. They producing changer for all kind of hand sets. Now they also producing charger for cell phone which can be using in car. So people who drives his/her selfs they can charge their cell phone in their car. Behavioral ( Occasion, Benefit, User status, Usage rate, Loyalty status ) In behavioral segmentation Anik Telecom works a lot.Let us introduce this segment through point by point. * Consumers are being benefited by the products of Anik Telecom. Their products are highly potential, long lasting and they give six months warranty. * Price is a big factor keeping this on mind Anik Telecom produced their sell their products according to the income of the people. * The consumption of the products of Anik Telecom vary greatly according to the social class as it is low price product it suits with the people baget.On the other hand because of low income people prefer their products most because of the affor table price. * Because of their quality products and good service customers get satisfied for which next time they buy products from this company. And thus they turn into loyal customers of the company. * Marketers want to reinforce and retain users,attract targeted and reinvigorated non-users. Keepnig this strategy in mind Anik Telecom is producing new quality products and selling them at a low price to attract the non-users and keeping the current users in their hand.

How Is Love Presented In Victorian Love Poetry Essays

How Is Love Presented In Victorian Love Poetry Essays How Is Love Presented In Victorian Love Poetry Essay How Is Love Presented In Victorian Love Poetry Essay Essay Topic: Christina Rossetti Poems Victorian poems show love to be very strong and overpowering. This is expressed in many different ways, they include negative imagery and, on the other hand, positive imagery. In Victorian times, there was a much suppressed attitude. This was because Queen Victoria was in mourning from the death of her husband, Albert, due to typhoid. The country became very solemn from this so people started to express their feelings through poetry. The country had strong morals on issues such as family values, polite manners and religion. The characteristics of Victorian values included thrift, hard work and morals, with a love of home and its comforts. Romance and realism, sentiment and common sense were a Victorians view of the family.The studied poems are First Love by John Clare, How Do I Love Thee? by Elizabeth Barrett Browning, A Birthday by Christina Rossetti, A Woman to her Lover by Christina Walsh and When We Two Parted by Lord Byron. John Clare describes his first ever experience of roman tic love, Elizabeth Barrett Browning describes all the different ways in which she loves someone, Christina Rossetti describes romantic love, Christina Walsh describes how love has made her miserable and what her lover can do to make it better and, unlike Christina Rossetti, Lord Byron describes love very negatively.Different events in the poets lives might have influenced the way in which they write about love. In John Clares early adult years, whilst working as a pot-boy in a public house, he fell in love with a local farmers daughter, Mary Joyce. Her father forbade her from ever meeting him and this could have influenced the way he wrote about love as he describes these first feelings in First Love. He could have written other poems about the fact that he was not allowed to meet her and questioned the reasons that they were not allowed to meet. When Elizabeth Barrett met Robert Browning, their courtship and marriage was carried out secretly, as was the composition of her poems.Th is may have influenced the way she wrote about love because of her personal experiences. Christina Rossetti had a very sad life; her family had financial difficulties when born due to her fathers deteriorating mental and physical health and she suffered a nervous breakdown at 14 followed by bouts of depression. During this time her, her mother and sister were intrigued by the Anglo-Catholic movement, this played a large part in her life as in her late teens she became engaged to James Collinson and later Charles Cayley, these relationships both ended due to religious reasons and she lived with her mother all her life. This could have contributed to the influence and the way she wrote about love because of her close family and traumatic past.While at Burgage Manor with his mother, Byron cultivated several important friendships with Elizabeth Pigot and her brother, John. Then, at College, he fell deeply in love with a fifteen year old choirboy, John Edleston; he later died and in his memory composed a series of elegies, Thyrza. He had many affairs after college: with Nicolà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Giraud, a boy who taught him Italian, Lady Caroline Lamb, with whom he broke off the relationship, his half-sister, Augusta Leigh and Lady Carolines cousin, Anna Isabella Milbanke to name a few. These facts could all have influenced his way to write about love, because of his extravagant ways and scandalous affairs.Attitudes towards love and relationships were very different from today. Victorian society was very respectful and etiquette was important. It was necessary for a single woman to know who she could and couldnt speak to; a proper introduction was usual and it was not polite to dance with a complete stranger. Young ladies were constantly chaperoned. To be seen in public alone with a man who was not family would most certainly ruin her reputation. Gentlemen had to decide whether or not they could smoke or have a glass of sherry in front of a lady. Also whether or not to bow or who to tip your hat at could cause problems if the wrong decision was made. Victorians did not recognise there was a lower class: chimneysweeps, rat catchers or factory workers had no place. Laws for protection of the poor were put into place; however, this resulted in workhouses being opened, which had very bad conditions. The romantic era showed the expressions of passion and personal feelings, much of the poetry stemmed around romance and the Victorian changing society. There was an increased interest in nature, a growing interest in scenery, on religion and the poetry of this time expressed these traits.All of the poems are Victorian love yet each expresses different moods and tones. In First Love, the overall tone is intimately emotional changing to realisation of the event which had occurred. The intimately emotional tone is set by using words which suggest intensity, suddenness and surprise. I neer was struckWith love so sudden The verb struck shows the impact of the expe rience and the adjective sudden shows how instantaneous it was. In How Do I Love Thee? the overall tone is dignified and intimate. Browning creates this tone by stating all the positive ways in which she loves someone. I love theefreelypurelywith the passion put to use Freely, purely and passion are all positives in a relationship, so she is using them to display the positivity to her love. The overall tone of A Birthday is very happy and jovial. This tone is created by comparing the beauty of being in love to natural elements. My heart is like a singing birdpaddles in a halcyon sea The singing bird and the halcyon sea are perfect, beautiful, natural elements so she is personifying these elements to show the greatness and happiness in her love. Although First Love is has a very similar tone to A Birthday they are not the same.A feature that they both share is that they both are quite positive and happy. However, something that the poems do not have in common is that Clares is extrem ely emotional and personal; about him and his experience. On the other hand Brownings could be compared to anyones experience and the beauty of being in love. The overall tone of A Woman to Her Lover is fairly heavy until the last stanza when she lightens the mood; although she is solemn throughout. She creates this mood by using a rhetorical question, answering it with what she would not like. Do you come to me to bend me to your willto make of me a bond slaveto bear you childrenin drudgery and silence no servant will I be. This shows that she clearly states to her lover how she expects him to treat her, putting her point across and wanting equality in this relationship; this equality in a relationship points to the equality she wants in the patriarchal society as it was then.In When We Two Parted the tone is quite cold and gloomy. This is created by the hate and coldness he portrays. When we two parted in silence and tearsdew of the morning sunk chill on myit felt like a warning o f what I feel nowlong, long shall I rue thee too deeply too tell. By starting the poem with silence and tears, he is already creating a very down atmosphere by using negative actions, the gloominess of saying how he feels but not what he is feeling is a clever technique he has used to mystify the poem and put on edge on what had happened thus carrying on to say how deeply he now hates her for what she did bringing about the cold mood surrounding the poem.There is a lot of different imagery in the poems as well as different language used by the poets and in different ways. In First Love, John Clare uses words that show that love can cause pain as well as pleasure. Struckbloodburnt Clare has used these painful words to describe his feelings from love to show that the assumption that love is all pleasure is proved wrong and is shown that there can be pain. The poet suggests that love has taken over his life and left him completely helpless. He does this by using metaphors to suggest th at his bodily functions have been affected. My legs refused to walk awaymy life and all seemed turned to claytook my sight awayI could not see a single thing He shows that he is fixated and cannot do anything stop it. John Clare used traditional imagery of love poetry in the poem. This is where he writes, her face it bloomed like a sweet flower. This shows that he is using a simile to compare the lady to something very sweet and beautiful, therefore creating a very powerful image in your mind.There is a contrast between his feelings and the lady he loves, she does not reciprocate his feelings for her and he is left disappointed. She seemed to hear my silent voice, and loves appeal to know. This explains that she knows what he is feeling yet does not return the love to him. The questions in the final stanza, Are flowers the winters choice? Is loves bed always snow, shows that he is in a heart-broken state of mind. I neer was struckwith love so sudden and so sweet are an example of si bilance in the poem, the effect this has is that it emphasises the words struck and sudden to make the most impact and show that he was struck by love and that the experience was so sudden. In How Do I Love Thee, Elizabeth Barrett Browning suggests that there are many ways she loves him by stating there are many and listing them. Let me count the waysI love thee to theI love thee to theI love thee freelyI love thee purelyI love thee with the I love thee with a By starting with ways plural she is already suggesting there are multiples, she then carries on to list the ways in detail. She tries to explain the size of her love by comparison in depth and breadth and height in everywhere her soul can reach indicating her emotions are too great to measure. She suggests that she will always love him. I shall but love thee better after death. Here, she is explaining that there is no end to her perfect love, that it is eternal and that not even death can stop it. By referring to religious lan guage such as gracepraisefaithsaintsGodElizabeth is making love sound like a religious experience. Browning uses much more religious, non-physical language to describe the lifelong love she has for her lover in comparison to Clares short, first love experience including language about the physical, clear and direct side. This may have been because Clares direct language could have been used to aim the simplicity and immediacy of the feelings and physical effects to the reader. Brownings language, however, is much more about the depth of her feeling and religious aspects rather than the physical side of it. The significance of the title of A Birthday by Christina Rossetti is that the poem is about celebrating love and a birthday is a celebratory time so it is a comparison of two very happy times.She uses images from nature to compare natural perfection with the perfect fulfilment of love My heart is like an apple-tree, whose boughs are bent with thickset fruit. She is comparing her h eart to an apple-tree. She may have used the apple tree instead of just a normal tree because an apple-tree is much better than a normal tree and is special as it is producing fruit. This therefore shows that she is trying to put the message across that her love is special. Rossetti has very ambiguous and extravagant feeling in the poem and she uses imagery to create this setting.This setting is created by her wanting of a dais of silk and down that can act as a celebratory monument of the love that she wants to decorate with vair and purple dyes carve it with doves and pomegranates to name a few of the list of decorations she describes. Rossetti uses elaborate language that helps depict a fairy tale image, whereas Brownings language gives a religious feeling to her poem contrasting to the simpler expression of love Clare displays. Christina Walsh uses military imagery in A Woman to her Lover to suggest the power men have over women. She does this by establishing control through a q uestion and answer that are implied and given.Do you come to me to bend me to your will? As conqueror to the vanquished She uses your will to suggest control over her that she predicts he wants therefore showing the men have power over women and she doesnt like it. The repetition of the phrase I refuse you gives a very stern tone that does not sound like the stereotypical Victorian woman; who should not rebel and set the terms of the relationship as she does. In stanzas one and two, Walsh uses images that suggest the loss of freedom Victorian women could suffer in marriage such as: bend me to your will, bond slave, bear you children, wearing out my life, no servant will I be and sit for feeble worship.In the phrase wakened women of our time Walsh is suggesting that modern women demand equality and that no modern woman is the one for him if that is what he wants, the alliteration shows up wakened woman to make them stick out so they linger in your mind optimises the heavy tone. In th e final stanza she uses universal imagery to get the image of her ideal marriage partnership across to him. This therefore suggests that true love between equals is much more happy and positive with no downsides for either half. Lord Byron writes in When We Two Parted, A shudder comes oer me, why wert thou so dear? He writes these words to suggest his feeling of regret.This is shown by the questioning of what he could have possibly ever seen in her, carrying on to the vow to never have feelings for her if they were to ever meet again. Byrons imagery of cold in pale grew thy cheek and cold, colder thy kiss is suggesting a loss of passion by the lack of life in coldness comparing it to the lack of intimacy he has, for example thy kiss. John Clare also uses imagery to suggest coldness as a loss of passion by stating Are flowers the winters choice? Is loves bed always snow? Flowers do not grow in winter, so it is again, lifeless, hence loves bed of snow.First Love has a regular rhyme st ructure which reflects the purity of the emotion from the simplicity of the poem. How do I Love Thee takes the form of a sonnet, this is appropriate as the poem is like a monologue as she seems to answer a question so a flowing speech suits the 14 line poem. Browning makes use of repetition with the t and the th sound. The phrases which are repeated are used to emphasise the meaning o the poem. Browning makes use of repetition with my heart, that is like a hypnotic chant drawing us in. The effect of having no rhyme scheme in A Woman to Her Lover is that the poem can be taken much more seriously to match the heavy tone.The final stanza of A Woman to Her Lover is longer than the previous three because the first three are her refusing to be what he wants her to be whereas the last stanza is how the relationship can be equal and what she would consider to be in a married life. The short lines in When We Two Parted are to add to the effect of the cold, bitter mood. He achieves cohesion i n the poem by returning to the opening stanza in the final lines of the last thus creating a join to make it a united whole.Love is presented differently in each of the poems by the poets. In First Love love has been presented through the physical and emotional effects by John Clare. In How Do I Love Thee, Elizabeth Barrett Browning presents love by trying to express the depth; she has changed abstract nouns into proper nouns to prove their importance. Christina Rossetti presents love by sharing the positive and uplifting sensations of love and celebrating the joy it brings; she uses imagery of nature and summer as well as a comparison to one of the happiest times of life, a birthday. In A Woman to Her Lover, Walsh presents love through the conditions she expects the man to agree with if he was to become her husband. And finally, Lord Byron presents love in this poem as something he has lost.His shame and his grief are also very strong in description. Of all the poems, my favourite is A Birthday by Christina Rossetti. This is because it is a celebration of love rather than the after effects of a broken heart. It also has a light, cheery attitude whereas the other poems are slightly disheartening. Overall the poems are about love and loss. The innermost feelings and emotions of love between two people are discovered and expressed in detail. Both negative and positive emotions are explored and the effects it has on both people are portrayed.

Natural Sci 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Natural Sci 3 - Essay Example Finally, it will present a conclusion based on the data gathered and present recommendations for people who will try this test in the future. More often than not, people avoid cockroaches or try to kill or repel them, mainly because they carry disease and germs, and the fact that many people either find cockroaches disgusting, or are afraid of them. This is why these people spend money on insecticides, repellants, exterminators and other chemicals and gadgets for the purpose of getting rid of cockroaches. As commonly known, cockroaches are attracted to food, and are often found in dark confined places of the home. These cockroaches that we see are actually only a small percentage of the actual number of cockroaches in your home. According to an article by extension.umn.edu, â€Å"Cockroaches are nocturnal, hiding during the day and becoming active at night. The number of cockroaches people see is usually a small percentage of a much larger population.† And this means that ther e are definitely more cockroaches in your home than you expect. ... It will break down the pre-experiment and post-experiment information as such: Project design plan Problem Statement Relevance of the study Review of related literature Experimental design Dependent, independent and controlled variables Threat reduction to internal validity Hypothesis Post-experiment data analysis Data collection method Graphs and charts of the data collected Interpretation of results from the data collection Conclusions and recommendations Project design plan Problem Statement The problem that this paper aims to test is if the pandan plant is effective in repelling cockroaches from food. This paper aims to test the effectiveness of an all-natural, inexpensive, low-maintenance and non-toxic alternative for repelling insects. This paper will use a scientific style of experimentation in order to determine if the pandan plant is effective at repelling cockroaches. Relevance of the study This study aims to test the effectiveness of the pandan plant in order to determine if it can be used as a good alternative for electronic or chemical insecticides or repellents. This study is significant to several people and groups such as: Homes and families If proven, this natural alternative can help homes and families reduce the number of cockroaches in their home without having to spend so much money and avoid the danger of chemical repellants. This also gives families the ability to secure their food and rooms from cockroaches and the germs they bring using a low-maintenance method. Schools This gives schools the opportunity to keep their students secure and safe from the disease brought by roaches and keep their facilities from being infested by the roaches using a natural and low-maintenance

Advertising analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Advertising analysis - Assignment Example Obviously, the message of the advertisement is to attract customers to go to Disneyland for fun and entertainment. The aforementioned advertisement in particular uses an adventurous Disney character named â€Å"Buzz†, to show all the places the whole family can enjoy. Buzz goes from place to place and makes wonderful statements about everything he sees. His closing speech, â€Å"There’s no end in sight†, says it all. The message clearly shows that Disneyland is a place where there is so much to do and the fun stops depending on the customer’s time and budget. Children may be the primary target audience of the ad but it also includes adults as well. With the budget needed for the vacation at Disneyland, the company did not fail to consider the finance managers of the family. Therefore, they included what adults can also enjoy in the place. The ad also implies that adults need to have as much fun as kids do and that they need to unwind in a place such as Disneyland. The creator of the ad is Disneyland evidently because the materials used are all owned by the company. Moreover, who else would be interested to make an advertisement for a company’s product but the company itself. The creator highlights the fun and adventure which families enjoy at Disneyland and speaks to the customers through a fun-loving cartoon character who is loved both by kids and parents. Making a filmed ad is perhaps more effective than still images especially when it is intended for children and the busy parents. This makes the production of the ad quite successful. It does not just attract the viewers’ attention but it also entices them through the sights and sounds. The messages are delivered more easily and accurately through the images and the words of â€Å"Buzz†. The makers of the ad seemed to have considered all the different points of view. From the

Mediation Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mediation Assignment - Essay Example It is this relationship that guides them in any future dealings, and might also assist the summer interns get the Human Resource Department’s support whenever any issue might arise. After both parties arrive at the office, it is vital to assure them that all parties will have their turn to speak and air their views. It is paramount that some of the ground rules are made for all parties to comprehend what might be at stake (Smith & Smock, 2008). I am the voice of reason between the warring parties, thus; confidence, clarity, and conciseness are what I need to make the mediation process a success. At the end of the stabilization stage, I ask for any questions from the warring parties, and then proceed to hearing their views. The mediation room is one place where all the concerned parties become aware of each other’s existence and role in the organization. At this stage, I allocate Ms. Bennett and Mr. Stokes a few minutes to speak about their predicaments, and inquire what their thoughts are, with regards on how to move forward in company dealings. Both parties think they are entitled to what they want, but I remind them of the organization’s policies and what they dictate. Questioning both parties and restating some of their positions gives my position a better chance at trying to negotiate the terms of the agreement (Smith & Smock, 2008). The confidentiality of the meeting makes it possible for both Ms. Bennett and Mr. Stokes to confide in me, and after each parties’ contribution, I thank them both for sharing. After listening to both sides, it is my duty to bring them both to agree on a common ground, where every party might feel like they have a certain measure of control in their respective departments. This ensures that issues which are of more concern find their way to the top of the discussion table, and

Human Right Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Right Law - Essay Example cember 2001 with a major focus on countering terrorism.2 By this, several provisions were made including ways of fighting terrorists and their schemes. Since the coming of the Anti-terrorism legislation however, there have been several public debates on the appropriateness of the law when viewed from the perspective of human rights infringement. This is because whereas some think it is appropriate that terrorist atrocities must be battled in any way possible, others argue that trampling on the human rights of innocent people to get the right thing done could be equally terrorising in nature.3 This paper therefore seeks to critically analyse the claim that the erosion of human rights through anti-terrorism schemes cannot be justified. The analysis is made from a legal perspective by reviewing legal principles, case law and statutes that help in understand the issues better. There is no denying the fact that the number one reason for any anti-terrorism campaign is to ensure the protection of the freedoms, liberties and fundamental human rights of people. This is because acts of terrorism always come with adverse effects on people and property that in the end impede the successful exercising of their civil freedoms, liberties and rights.4 By having anti-terrorism programmes and campaigns therefore, a very giant step is taken to ensuring some levels of fairness in society where abuses that happen as a result of terrorism can be confronted. Very unfortunately, studies have showed that anti-terrorism is more difficult and challenging to achieve than a single terrorist may get through with the launch of multiple acts of terror.5 This is because whereas terrorist attacks take place by people who are ready to loss their lives and the lives of others, those engaged in anti-terrorism, including counter-terrorism must be careful to ensure that innocent lives and property are protected. It has been for this reason that advocates for anti-terrorism have continued to use stiffer

A vertical integration strategy and a corporate diversification Essay

A vertical integration strategy and a corporate diversification strategy - Essay Example First, it can reduce opportunistic threats from the firm's buyers and suppliers by making transaction-specific value-adding investments, e.g., by capitalizing on economies of scale (opportunism-based). Second, the firm can exploit any of its valuable, rare, and costly-to-imitate resources and capabilities, e.g., as part of the processes used to make its end-products (capabilities-based). Third, the firm can take advantage of stable or volatile business conditions to squeeze profits by reducing its costs as much as possible (flexibility-based). The value of adopting any of these three strategies would depend on how rare and costly to imitate these strategies are, whether the firm does something its competitors do not, the degree to which it exercises control, and the variety of uncertainties that it faces. Implementing vertical integration requires a high degree of control, so a functional or U-form organization structure is the most commonly used (aside from a good CEO), a necessity when adopting cost leadership and product differentiation strategies. The expected conflicts that arise from this structure can be resolved with the use of closely-managed budgets and management oversight committees.

Patchi Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Patchi - Research Paper Example Therefore, the Global Strategy and Competitiveness of the company is being highlighted in the paper. Introduction Patchi was a company that originated from the Middle East in Lebanon. Since then, it has expanded to around five continents and excelled in business. Patchi has created its unique name after being originated in 1974 and has 130 branches worldwide. Patchi is a brand name that has created its own goodwill by attaching the unique idea of chocolates to celebrations and love. This is quite similar to the way the De Beers created a market for diamonds by relating them to love. Yet, the idea has created a permanent place in the hearts of the people and hence, Patchi has attracted vivid brand loyalty. Patchi has outstood as a producer of premium and best quality chocolates. The idea has been exacerbated from not only the consumption of chocolates but to create an emotional attachment as well. Thus, Patchi deals not only in chocolates alone but also in gifts that range from a vari ety of occasions such as weddings, new born babies, graduations and other special occasions and celebrations. The outlets have the best quality chocolate that has been hand manufactured and adorned in a special manner so as to create a special aura. Thus, the market segmentation for Patchi is quite different from that of the regular chocolate segment. There are people throughout the world who consume chocolate merely because of their association with taste. But Patchi is a distinct name in the chocolate market and is usually associated with celebrations, presents and happiness. It is however, a fact that the chocolate is a non-durable consumer product that prevails in a very competitive market system. There are many buyers and sellers of chocolates and big names such as Cadbury, Nestle and Hershey’s stand as tough competition. Thus, this paper would focus upon the global business and competitive strategies adopted by Patchi so as to survive in the market. Industry Situation H istory Chocolate, which is enjoyed today by millions of people all over the world, is one of the oldest inventions of mankind. It is actually a natural product obtained from cocoa seeds that are processed and manufactured so as to meet the taste requirements of people today. The first cocoa plantations were done by the Mayan Dynasty that dates back to 600 A.D (Chapter 1). These beans were high priced and were used as articles of trade as well as to make a drink called â€Å"chocolatl.† This beverage was very famous at that time. It was made by crushing the cocoa seeds and adding honey or vanilla spices (Chapter 1) so as to enhance its taste. Christopher Columbus is also said to have taken some cocoa seeds with him merely because of his curiosity (Chapter 1). Thus, in 1520s this drink was introduced in Spain but with the added element of sugar in it (Chapter 1). The first chocolate factory was set up after the Industrial Revolution in Bristol in UK by Joseph Fry. Other factori es that developed within a short period of time included, Rowntree, Cadbury and Hershey. Thus, the chocolate factory became a profitable business for the people at that time. The chocolate was enjoyed by the aristocracy as well as by the general public. Moreover, the Industrial Revolution meant more jobs for people and hence, the chocolate factories provided ample employment and better working conditions. Development It had then been realized that chocolate had

Human Right Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Right Law - Essay Example cember 2001 with a major focus on countering terrorism.2 By this, several provisions were made including ways of fighting terrorists and their schemes. Since the coming of the Anti-terrorism legislation however, there have been several public debates on the appropriateness of the law when viewed from the perspective of human rights infringement. This is because whereas some think it is appropriate that terrorist atrocities must be battled in any way possible, others argue that trampling on the human rights of innocent people to get the right thing done could be equally terrorising in nature.3 This paper therefore seeks to critically analyse the claim that the erosion of human rights through anti-terrorism schemes cannot be justified. The analysis is made from a legal perspective by reviewing legal principles, case law and statutes that help in understand the issues better. There is no denying the fact that the number one reason for any anti-terrorism campaign is to ensure the protection of the freedoms, liberties and fundamental human rights of people. This is because acts of terrorism always come with adverse effects on people and property that in the end impede the successful exercising of their civil freedoms, liberties and rights.4 By having anti-terrorism programmes and campaigns therefore, a very giant step is taken to ensuring some levels of fairness in society where abuses that happen as a result of terrorism can be confronted. Very unfortunately, studies have showed that anti-terrorism is more difficult and challenging to achieve than a single terrorist may get through with the launch of multiple acts of terror.5 This is because whereas terrorist attacks take place by people who are ready to loss their lives and the lives of others, those engaged in anti-terrorism, including counter-terrorism must be careful to ensure that innocent lives and property are protected. It has been for this reason that advocates for anti-terrorism have continued to use stiffer

Patchi Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Patchi - Research Paper Example Therefore, the Global Strategy and Competitiveness of the company is being highlighted in the paper. Introduction Patchi was a company that originated from the Middle East in Lebanon. Since then, it has expanded to around five continents and excelled in business. Patchi has created its unique name after being originated in 1974 and has 130 branches worldwide. Patchi is a brand name that has created its own goodwill by attaching the unique idea of chocolates to celebrations and love. This is quite similar to the way the De Beers created a market for diamonds by relating them to love. Yet, the idea has created a permanent place in the hearts of the people and hence, Patchi has attracted vivid brand loyalty. Patchi has outstood as a producer of premium and best quality chocolates. The idea has been exacerbated from not only the consumption of chocolates but to create an emotional attachment as well. Thus, Patchi deals not only in chocolates alone but also in gifts that range from a vari ety of occasions such as weddings, new born babies, graduations and other special occasions and celebrations. The outlets have the best quality chocolate that has been hand manufactured and adorned in a special manner so as to create a special aura. Thus, the market segmentation for Patchi is quite different from that of the regular chocolate segment. There are people throughout the world who consume chocolate merely because of their association with taste. But Patchi is a distinct name in the chocolate market and is usually associated with celebrations, presents and happiness. It is however, a fact that the chocolate is a non-durable consumer product that prevails in a very competitive market system. There are many buyers and sellers of chocolates and big names such as Cadbury, Nestle and Hershey’s stand as tough competition. Thus, this paper would focus upon the global business and competitive strategies adopted by Patchi so as to survive in the market. Industry Situation H istory Chocolate, which is enjoyed today by millions of people all over the world, is one of the oldest inventions of mankind. It is actually a natural product obtained from cocoa seeds that are processed and manufactured so as to meet the taste requirements of people today. The first cocoa plantations were done by the Mayan Dynasty that dates back to 600 A.D (Chapter 1). These beans were high priced and were used as articles of trade as well as to make a drink called â€Å"chocolatl.† This beverage was very famous at that time. It was made by crushing the cocoa seeds and adding honey or vanilla spices (Chapter 1) so as to enhance its taste. Christopher Columbus is also said to have taken some cocoa seeds with him merely because of his curiosity (Chapter 1). Thus, in 1520s this drink was introduced in Spain but with the added element of sugar in it (Chapter 1). The first chocolate factory was set up after the Industrial Revolution in Bristol in UK by Joseph Fry. Other factori es that developed within a short period of time included, Rowntree, Cadbury and Hershey. Thus, the chocolate factory became a profitable business for the people at that time. The chocolate was enjoyed by the aristocracy as well as by the general public. Moreover, the Industrial Revolution meant more jobs for people and hence, the chocolate factories provided ample employment and better working conditions. Development It had then been realized that chocolate had

Humanity Essay Example for Free

Humanity Essay Isa siya sa mga ninuno ng makabagong Filipinong maikling katha sa Ingles. Siya ang nanguna sa pagpapalawak ng maikling katha bilang matulaing anyo. Kaniyang ipinagkakapuri ang likhang-isip sapagkat naipapakita nito ang katotohanan at naipriprisinta ang realidad. Siya ay naging mapangahas sa pagtuklas ng mga anyo ng sanaysay upang maipahayag ang talas ng pakiramdam ng mga Filipino. Dahil sa galing ng kaniyang mga kamay sa pagsulat, ang kaniyang mga likha ay siya na ngayong ginagamit ng mga mag-aaral sa kolehiyo. In 1932 Arcellana entered the University of the Philippines (UP) as a pre-medicine student and graduated in 1939 with a bachelor of philosophy in degree. In his junior year, mainly because of the publication of his â€Å"trilogy of the turtles† in the Literary Apprentice, Arcellana was invited to join the UP Writers Club by Manuel Arguilla – who at that time was already a campus literary figure. In 1934, he edited and published Expression, a quarterly of experimental writing. It caught the attention of Jose Garcia Villa who started a correspondence with Arcellana. It also spawned the Veronicans, a group of 13 pre-WWII who rebelled against traditional forms and themes in Philippine literature. Arcellana went on to medical school after receiving his bachelors degree while holding jobs in Herald Midweek Magazine, where his weekly column â€Å"Art and Life† (later retitled â€Å"Life and Letters†) appeared, and in Philcross, the publication of the Philippine Red Cross. The war stopped his schooling. After the war, he continued working in media and publishing and began a career in the academe. He was manager of the International News Service and the editor of This Week. He joined the UP Department of English and Comparative Literature and served as adviser of the Philippine Collegian and director of the UP Creative Writing Center, 1979- 1982. Under a Rockefeller Foundation grant he became a fellow in creative writing, 1956- 1957, at the University of Iowa and Breadloaf Writers Conference. In 1932 Arcellana published his first story. â€Å"The Man Who Could Be Poe† in Graphic while still a student at Torres High School. The following year two of his short stories, â€Å"Death is a Factory† and â€Å"Lina,† were included in Jose Garcia Villas honor roll. During the 1930s, which he calls his most productive period, he wrote his most significant stories including, â€Å"Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal† cited in 1938 by Villa as the years best. He also began writing poetry at this time, many of them appearing in Philippine Collegian, Graphic and Herald Midweek Magazine. Some of his works have been translated into Tagalog, Malaysian, Italian, German and Russian, and many have been anthologized. But his homecomingfrom a trip to the Southwas fated to be more memorable than, say, of the others. He had written from Mariveles: I have just met a marvelous matweavera real artistand I shall have a surprise for you. I asked him to weave a sleeping-mat for every one of the family. He is using many different colors and for each mat the dominant color is that of our respective birthstones. I am sure that the children will be very pleased. I know you will be. I can hardly wait to show them to you. Nana Emilia read the letter that morning, and again and again every time she had a chance to leave the kitchen. In the evening when all the children were home from school she asked her oldest son, Jose, to read the letter at dinner table. The children became very much excited about the mats, and talked about them until late into the night. This she wrote her husband when she labored over a reply to him. For days after that, mats continued to be the chief topic of conversation among the children. Finally, from Lopez, Mr. Angeles wrote again: I am taking the Bicol Express tomorrow. I have the mats with me, and they are beautiful. God willing, I shall be home to join you at dinner. The letter was read aloud during the noon meal. Talk about the mats flared up again like wildfire. I like the feel of mats, Antonio, the third child, said. I like the smell of new mats. Oh, but these mats are different, interposed Susanna, the fifth child. They have our names woven into them, and in our ascribed colors, too. The children knew what they were talking about: they knew just what a decorative mat was like; it was not anything new or strange in their experience. That was why they were so excited about the matter. They had such a mat in the house, one they seldom used, a mat older than any one of them. This mat had been given to Nana Emilia by her mother when she and Mr. Angeles were married, and it had been with them ever since. It had served on the wedding night, and had not since been used except on special occasions. It was a very beautiful mat, not really meant to be ordinarily used. It had green leaf borders, and a lot of gigantic red roses woven into it. In the middle, running the whole length of the mat, was the lettering: Emilia y Jaime Recuerdo. The letters were in gold. Nana Emilia always kept that mat in her trunk. When any one of the family was taken ill, the mat was brought out and the patient slept on it, had it all to himself. Every one of the children had some time in their lives slept on it; not a few had slept on it more than once. Most of the times the mat was kept in Nana Emilias trunk, and when it was taken out and spread on the floor the children were always around to watch. At first there had been only Nana Emilia to see the mat spread. Then a childa girlwatched with them. The number of watchers increased as more children came. The mat did not seem to age. It seemed to Nana Emilia always as new as when it had been laid on the nuptial bed. To the children it seemed as new as the first time it was spread before them. The folds and creases always new and fresh . The smell was always the smell of a new mat. Watching the intricate design was an endless joy. The childrens pleasure at the golden letters even before they could work out the meaning was boundless. Somehow they were always pleasantly shocked by the sight of the mat: so delicate and so consummate the artistry of its weave. Now, taking out that mat to spread had become a kind of ritual. The process had become associated with illness in the family. Illness, even serious illness, had not been infrequent. There had been deaths In the evening Mr. Angeles was with his family. He had brought the usual things home with him. There was a lot of fruits, as always (his itinerary carried him through the fruit-growing provinces): pineapples, lanzones, chicos, atis, santol, sandia, guyabano, avocado, according to the season. He had also brought home a jar of preserved sweets from Lopez. Putting away the fruit, sampling them, was as usual accomplished with animation and lively talk. Dinner was a long affair. Mr. Angeles was full of stories about his trip but would interrupt his tales with: I could not sleep nights thinking of the young ones. They should never be allowed to play in the treets. And you older ones should not stay out too late at night. The stories petered out and dinner was over. Putting away the dishes and wiping the dishes and wiping the table clean did not at all seem tedious. Yet Nana and the children, although they did not show it, were all on edge about the mats. Finally, after a long time over his cigar, Mr. Angeles rose from his seat at the he ad of the table and crossed the room to the corner where his luggage had been piled. From the heap he disengaged a ponderous bundle. Taking it under one arm, he walked to the middle of the room where the light was brightest. He dropped the bundle and, bending over and balancing himself on his toes, he strained at the cord that bound it. It was strong, it would not break, it would not give way. He tried working at the knots. His fingers were clumsy, they had begun shaking. He raised his head, breathing heavily, to ask for the scissors. Alfonso, his youngest boy, was to one side of him with the scissors ready. Nana Emilia and her eldest girl who had long returned from the kitchen were watching the proceedings quietly. One swift movement with the scissors, snip! and the bundle was loose. Turning to Nana Emilia, Mr. Angeles joyfully cried: These are the mats, Miling. Mr. Angeles picked up the topmost mat in the bundle. This, I believe, is yours, Miling. Nana Emilia stepped forward to the light, wiping her still moist hands against the folds of her skirt, and with a strange young shyness received the mat. The children watched the spectacle silently and then broke into delighted, though a little self-conscious, laughter. Nana Emilia unfolded the mat without a word. It was a beautiful mat: to her mind, even more beautiful than the one she received from her mother on her wedding. There was a name in the very center of it: EMILIA. The letters were large, done in green. Flowerscadena-de-amorwere woven in and out among the letters. The border was a long winding twig of cadena-de-amor. The children stood about the spreading mat. The air was punctuated by their breathless exclamations of delight. It is beautiful, Jaime; it is beautiful! Nana Emilias voice broke, and she could not say any more. And this, I know, is my own, said Mr. Angeles of the next mat in the bundle. The mat was rather simply decorated, the design almost austere, and the only colors used were purple and gold. The letters of the name Jaime were in purple. And this, for your, Marcelina. Marcelina was the oldest child. She had always thought her name too long; it had been one of her worries with regard to the mat. How on earth are they going to weave all of the letters of my name into my mat? she had asked of almost everyone in the family. Now it delighted her to see her whole name spelled out on the mat, even if the letters were a little small. Besides, there was a device above her name which pleased Marcelina very much. It was in the form of a lyre, finely done in three colors. Marcelina was a student of music and was quite a proficient pianist. And this is for you, Jose. Jose was the second child. He was a medical student already in the third year of medical school. Over his name the symbol of Aesculapius was woven into the matYou are not to use this mat until the year of your internship, Mr. Angeles was saying. This is yours, Antonia. And this is yours, Juan. And this is yours, Jesus. Mat after mat was unfolded. On each of the childrens mats there was somehow an appropriate device. At least all the children had been shown their individual mats. The air was filled with their excited talk, and through it all Mr. Angeles was saying over and over again in his deep voice:You are not to use these mats until you go to the University. Then Nana Emilia noticed bewilderingly that there were some more mats remaining to be unfolded. But Jaime, Nana Emilia said, wondering, with evident repudiation, there are some more mats. Only Mr. Angeles seemed to have heard Nana Emilias words. He suddenly stopped talking, as if he had been jerked away from a pleasant fantasy. A puzzled, reminiscent look came into his eyes, superseding the deep and quiet delight that had been briefly there, and when he spoke his voice was different. Yes, Emilia, said Mr. Angeles, There are three more mats to unfold. The others who arent here Nana Emilia caught her breath; there was a swift constriction in her throat; her face paled and she could not say anything. The self-centered talk of the children also died. There was a silence as Mr. Angeles picked up the first of the remaining mats and began slowly unfolding it. The mat was al most as austere in design as Mr. Angeles own, and it had a name. There was no symbol or device above the name; only a blank space, emptiness. The children knew the name. But somehow the name, the letters spelling the name, seemed strange to them. Then Nana Emilia found her voice. You know, Jaime, you didnt have to, Nana Emilia said, her voice hurt and surely frightened. Mr. Angeles held his tears back; there was something swift and savage in the movement. Do you think Id forgotten? Do you think I had forgotten them? Do you think I could forget them? This is for you, Josefina! And this is for you, Victoria! And this is for you, Concepcion. Mr. Angeles called the names rather than uttered them. Dont, Jaime, please dont, was all that Nana Emilia managed to say. Is it fair to forget them? Would it be just to disregard them? Mr. Angeles demanded rather than asked. His voice had risen shrill, almost hysterical; it was also stern and sad, and somehow vindictive. Mr. Angeles had spoken almost as if he were a stranger. Also, he had spoken as if from a deep, grudgingly-silent, long-bewildered sorrow. The children heard the words exploding in the silence. They wanted to turn away and not see the face of their father. But they could neither move nor look away; his eyes held them, his voice held them where they were. They seemed rooted to the spot. Nana Emilia shivered once or twice, bowed her head, and gripped her clasped hands between her thighs. There was a terrible hush. The remaining mats were unfolded in silence. The names which were with infinite slowness revealed, seemed strange and stranger still; the colors not bright but deathly dull; the separate letters, spelling out the names of the dead among them, did not seem to glow or shine with a festive sheen as did the other living names.